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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(13)
作者:TJG  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2012-06-02  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin

 

2. 比較下面兩句因所用介詞不同,所導致的意思改變:

We reduced the price by 40 percent. 我們把價格降低了40%

We reduced the price to 40 percent. 我們把價格降低到40%

3. 與介詞 to 連用,表示“使陷入某種狀態(tài)”、“使變成”等。如:

Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。

This reduced her to silence (tears). 這使她無話可說(哭了起來)

 

refer v.

1. 用作不及物動詞,主要用于 refer to, 主要用法有:

(1) 表示“提到”、“談到”。如:

Don’t refer to the matter again. 不要再談這事了。

(2) 表示“意指”、“指……而言”。如:

I don’t know what she referred to. 我不知她指的是什么。

When I said some people are stupid, I wasn’t referring to you. 我說有些人很愚蠢,并不是指你。

(3) 表示“查閱”、“參考”、“看”。如:

You can refer to your notes when you are speaking. 你發(fā)言時可以看稿子。

If you don’t know what this word means, refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道這個詞的意思,查一下詞典吧。

(4) 表示“適用于”、“與……有關”。如:

The regulations refer only to children. 這些規(guī)定只適用于小孩。

What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要說的事與你們大家都有關。

2. 用作及物動詞,表示“歸功于”、“使……參考或查詢”等,若其賓語后需要接介詞通常還是 to。如:

He referred his wealth to hard work. 他說他是勤勞致富。

He referred me to the Enquiry Office. 他要我去找問訊處。

比較下面的句子:

He referred to the dictionary. 他查了字典。

He referred me to the dictionary. 他叫我查字典。

 

refuse v.

1. 表示“拒絕”,若后接名詞或代詞作賓語,通常表示拒絕接受某物;若后接雙賓語,則通常表示給予某物。如:

He refused the money. 他拒絕收錢。

He refused her nothing. 她要什么他就給什么。

注:雙賓語易位時,通常用介詞 to。如:

We refused him admittance. /We refused admittance to him. 我們不讓他入場。

2. 表示拒絕做某事,其后可接不定式,但是不接動名詞、不定式的復合結構或 that從句。如:

他拒絕我用他的詞典。

正:He refused to let me use his dictionary.

誤:He refused me to use his dictionary.

誤:He refused my using his dictionary.

誤:He refused that I should use his dictionary.

 

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