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二是加快經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效益。堅持實施擴大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，內(nèi)需對經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻(xiàn)率明顯提高，經(jīng)常項目順差占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費結(jié)構(gòu)加快升級。2012年底，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城鎮(zhèn)居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；旅游、文化消費大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路，大力推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。我國制造業(yè)規(guī)模躍居全球首位，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值年均增長13.4%，成為國民經(jīng)濟重要先導(dǎo)性、支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)；清潔能源、節(jié)能環(huán)保、新一代信息技術(shù)、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量整體水平不斷提高。服務(wù)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重提高2.7個百分點，成為吸納就業(yè)最多的產(chǎn)業(yè)。扎實推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。五年累計，共淘汰落后煉鐵產(chǎn)能1.17億噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能7800萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7.75億噸；新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降17.2%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加細(xì)顆粒物PM_2.5等監(jiān)測指標(biāo)。推進(jìn)天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。深入實施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實施全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，加快推進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展，制定實施新十年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，將扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧攻堅。中西部和東北地區(qū)主要發(fā)展指標(biāo)增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局正在形成。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，五年轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)村人口8463萬人，城鎮(zhèn)化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了歷史性變化。城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性明顯增強。

2. Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.

— At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.

— Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.

— Travel- and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.

— China’s manufacturing industry became the largest in the world. With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.

— Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.

— The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.

— The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment. Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:

— Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.

— Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.

— Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.

Moreover, in the past five years:

— Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.

— Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.

— Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.

— Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.

— Environmental air quality standards were revised.

— The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) was added.

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification. Over the past five years:

— An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.

— Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.

— Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.

— A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.

We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average. Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently. Over the past five years:

— A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.

— The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China’s urban-rural population structure.

Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.

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