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除了上述基本語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤之外，冠詞的使用不規(guī)范也是比較普遍的問(wèn)題。如：

中國(guó)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，如何在老年人口基數(shù)增大、人口老齡化加快而且發(fā)展不平衡的條件下，保障老年人的合法權(quán)益，促進(jìn)老齡事業(yè)的發(fā)展，是社會(huì)發(fā)展中面臨的重大問(wèn)題。

China is the biggest developing country in the world. As the number of elderly people keeps increasing and ageing of population accelerates, and due to the country's uneven development, one big challenge facing China in its social development is how to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly people and promote the development of undertakings for the aged.

問(wèn)題：顯然動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)ageing of population前需要加一個(gè)定冠詞the才符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

二、表達(dá)累贅

我們知道，“漢語(yǔ)中的重復(fù)現(xiàn)象是正常的，甚至是必要的”，但“由于語(yǔ)用傳統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)上的原因，英語(yǔ)傾向于用代詞來(lái)代替前面提到的部分。”鑒于這一差別，“漢譯英時(shí)要盡量用代詞等來(lái)替代前面已提到的部分，以使英語(yǔ)譯文符合其表達(dá)習(xí)慣和風(fēng)格。”（袁曉寧，2005：76-77）這種替代不僅避免重復(fù)，而且還是英語(yǔ)篇章銜接的重要手段，具有使上下文有機(jī)地聯(lián)成一體的重要功能。因此，替代是一種基本的翻譯技巧。

然而，該白皮書(shū)英文版的翻譯在這方面做得非常不夠，導(dǎo)致譯文表達(dá)累贅問(wèn)題非常突出，措辭重復(fù)現(xiàn)象隨處可見(jiàn)。這種翻譯表面上看起來(lái)忠實(shí)于原文，但其實(shí)際效果只能讓外國(guó)讀者讀而生厭。由于篇幅有限，本文只列舉其中有代表性的兩個(gè)例子。

1. 中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)關(guān)心和重視老齡事業(yè)。多年來(lái)，國(guó)家大力弘揚(yáng)中華民族敬老養(yǎng)老的文化傳統(tǒng)，采取切實(shí)有效措施，積極探索適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展模式。特別是近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府全面貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化挑戰(zhàn)，把發(fā)展老齡事業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的重要內(nèi)容，綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和行政手段，不斷推動(dòng)老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展。

The Chinese government has always cared for and paid attention to undertakings for the aged. For years, the state has made great efforts to promote the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation that elderly people are respected and provided for; and taken effective measures to explore a development mode of undertakings for the aged that suits China's conditions. Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has implemented the outlook of scientific development in an all-round way and positively meet the challenge posed by the ageing of the population. It has considered undertakings for the aged an important part of balanced social and economic development as well as of the building of a harmonious society, and has adopted economic, legal and administrative measures to constantly promote the development of undertakings for the aged.

問(wèn)題：這段話中， “老齡事業(yè)” 在原文中出現(xiàn)了四次，而其譯文undertakings for the aged也完全重復(fù)出現(xiàn)了四次，不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

2. 從2003年起，國(guó)家開(kāi)始進(jìn)行個(gè)人繳費(fèi)、集體扶持和政府資助相結(jié)合的新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度試點(diǎn)工作。到2006年6月底，全國(guó)新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療試點(diǎn)縣（市、區(qū)、旗）擴(kuò)大到1399個(gè)，覆蓋農(nóng)業(yè)人口4.95億，3.96億農(nóng)民參加新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療，試點(diǎn)地區(qū)老年人參加新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療的比例超過(guò)73%；全國(guó)共補(bǔ)償參加新型合作醫(yī)療的農(nóng)民2.82億人次，補(bǔ)償資金支出144.12億元人民幣。國(guó)家要求各地為70歲以上農(nóng)村老年人參加新型合作醫(yī)療給予適當(dāng)政策優(yōu)惠，照顧老年人的特殊需求。積極建立農(nóng)村醫(yī)療救助制度，采取政府撥款和社會(huì)捐助相結(jié)合籌集救助資金，資助農(nóng)村“五保”老年人和困難群眾參加新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療，對(duì)因患大病個(gè)人醫(yī)療費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)高、影響家庭基本生活的貧困農(nóng)民給予適當(dāng)補(bǔ)助，在一定程度上緩解了老年人基本醫(yī)療困難。目前31個(gè)省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）全部建立了農(nóng)村醫(yī)療救助制度，2005年農(nóng)村實(shí)施醫(yī)療救助達(dá)1112萬(wàn)人次，救助資金總支出10.8億元人民幣。

Experimental work began in 2003 to set up a new type of rural cooperative medical system by pooling funds from individual payments, collective support and government subsidies. By the end of June 2006, such experimental work had been extended to 1,399 counties (cities, districts, banners), covering 495 million rural dwellers. Up to 396 million farmers, and over 73 percent of the elderly people in the experimental areas, had participated in this new type of rural cooperative medical system. A total of 14.412 billion yuan had been paid in 282 million cases as subsidies to farmers covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical system.

The central government requires local governments to give appropriate preferential treatment to people over the age of 70 participating in the new type of rural cooperative medical system to meet their special needs. A rural medical aid system has been established, with funds from government appropriations and public donations to help the elderly covered by the "five guarantees" system and poor farmers to join the new type of rural cooperative medical system. The medical aid system provides certain subsidies to poor farmers whose high medical costs for serious diseases have affected their basic family life, and has to a certain degree alleviated the basic medical burdens on the aged. So far the rural medical aid system has been set up in all of the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. In 2005, a total of 1.08 billion yuan of medical aid subsidy was given to farmers in 11.12 million cases.

問(wèn)題：這段話中的關(guān)鍵詞“新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度”在原文中出現(xiàn)六次，其相應(yīng)的譯文new type of rural cooperative medical system也原封不動(dòng)地重復(fù)五次。讀起來(lái)非常別扭。

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