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第二部分  表達問題

一、語法錯誤

1. 特別是近年來，中國政府全面貫徹落實科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化挑戰(zhàn)。

Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has implemented the outlook of scientific development in an all-round way and positively meet the challenge posed by the ageing of the population.

問題：撇開其他問題，僅從語法角度而言，這句話就存在主謂數(shù)不一致的情況。主語the Chinese government是第三人稱單數(shù)，而且譯文中其后第一個謂語動詞也使用了單數(shù)形式，為何后一個并列動詞形式的使用不一致呢？

2. 新聞媒體圍繞老年人權(quán)益保障問題開展多種形式的輿論監(jiān)督。

The news media too has carried out different forms of supervision by public opinion centering on the issue of protecting the rights and interests of senior citizens.

問題：從語法上來說，這句話存在主謂數(shù)不一致問題。Media是medium的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其作主語時謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The media are to blame for starting the rumours.（《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》）而且《牛津詞典》對該詞的用法專門作了說明，指出：“media（單數(shù)為medium）一字有時誤用作單數(shù)名詞。”（Medium is sometimes incorrectly used as a singular noun）并舉例予以說明：The medium are (NOT is) often accused of being biased.由此可見，media用作主語時，謂語動詞不能使用單數(shù)形式。

3. 大中城市道路、車站、機場、商場、公交站點、住宅居住區(qū)和其他公共建筑的無障礙設(shè)施建設(shè)發(fā)展較快，老年人安居和參與社會生活的設(shè)施環(huán)境不斷改善。

Construction of barrier-free facilities on roads, in stations, airports, shops, at bus stops, in residential areas and other public buildings in large and medium cities have been developing rapidly, creating convenience for senior citizens in their daily lives and enabling them to engage more fully in social activities.

問題：這句話的主語construction是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語部分have been developing的助動詞have卻是復(fù)數(shù)形式，顯然存在主謂數(shù)不一致的情況。

4. 中國老教授協(xié)會和老科技工作者協(xié)會的個體會員數(shù)量超過65萬人。

The membership of China Senior Professors Association and Association of Senior Scientists and Technicians together exceed 650,000.

問題：這句話的主語membership是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞卻用一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，也屬于主謂數(shù)不一致問題。

5. 目前已初步形成多層次、多形式、多學(xué)制、多學(xué)科的老年教育體系。

Today, an educational system for elderly people that is multi-level, multi-form and multi-disciplinary with different lengths of schooling has taken initial shape.

問題：按照英語表達習(xí)慣，定語從句that is multi-level, multi-form and multi-disciplinary中的表語部分應(yīng)該使用形容詞形式。但實際上，只有disciplinary一詞是形容詞，其他兩個詞level 和form為名詞，這樣一來還存在結(jié)構(gòu)不平行的問題。而且，with different lengths of schooling的位置容易導(dǎo)致誤解，以為其是用來修飾名詞multi-disciplinary的。另外，lengths的恰當性值得懷疑。建議改為：So far, an educational system with different levels, forms, disciplines and duration of schooling has taken initial shape.

6. 依托省、市、縣各級現(xiàn)有群眾文化設(shè)施多渠道、多層次發(fā)展老年教育，努力實現(xiàn)“縣縣有老年大學(xué)”的目標，并逐步向社區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)延伸。

On the basis of existing provincial, municipal and county-level mass cultural facilities, education for seniors has been developing through different channels and at various levels, aiming to achieve the goal of making higher education available for elderly people in every county, and extending to townships and communities.

問題：從結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上看，and extending to townships and communities應(yīng)該與making higher education available for elderly people in every county是并列關(guān)系。Extend一詞雖然既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，但在這里顯然是用作及物動詞，所以應(yīng)該在其后面加it才符合語法。而且and extending前的逗號完全是畫蛇添足，造成理解困難。

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