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【第三組】

1. Set up more than one hundred years ago, this school is very famous in the city. 這所學(xué)校成立于100多年前，在本市很有名。

2. Being watched by so many people then, she felt very nervous at the stage. 當(dāng)時(shí)由于那么多人在觀看她，所以她在臺(tái)上很緊張。

用在句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，“過(guò)去分詞”表示“被動(dòng)和完成”；而“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式”表示“被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”。

【第四組】

1. Tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

2. Being tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示“狀態(tài)”而不是“動(dòng)作”的情況下，“過(guò)去分詞”和“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式”都可以用，意思幾乎沒(méi)有差別。又如：

Satisfied (=Being satisfied) with his experiment, the professor went out of his office merrily.

Seated (=Being seated) around the table, we listened to the chairman attentively.

Unemployed (=Being unemployed), he hasn’t got much money.

Well taken care of (=Being well taken care of), she recovered quickly.

【第五組】

1. Compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 和他們相比，我們還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。

2. Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 帶著參觀了圖書(shū)館后，我們又被帶去參觀實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

過(guò)去分詞 Compared with them 作條件狀語(yǔ)，與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒(méi)有先后之分，或者先后時(shí)間不明確。句1相當(dāng)于If we are compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 而“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式”Having been shown the library 一定早于句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間，句2相當(dāng)于After we had been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 一般來(lái)講，只要?jiǎng)幼髟缬谥^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間，而且又是被動(dòng)意義，就應(yīng)使用“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式”。又如：

Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 郵遞員被狗咬了兩次之后要我們把狗拴起來(lái)，不然就不給我們送信了。

Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。

句中的having been asked to stay有兩層意思：一是“要我留下”在先，“我不好離開(kāi)”在后，這就是使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的原因；二是“我”與“要求”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“我”是“被”要求留下的，而不是我自動(dòng)留下的，說(shuō)明這里應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)式。

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