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名師詳解語法易錯題（10）

成分插入類錯誤

（內部講稿，僅供交流，請勿商用）

有時一個本來很簡單的句子，由于表達的需要，在其中置入一個插入成分，或將某些成分從正常位置調入一個在同學們看來屬“非正常”的位置(如賓語從句前置等)，則很有可能給同學們的理解帶來困難（尤其是閱讀能力不是很好的同學會更感困難）。假若命題人就此命題，那就更麻煩了。請看以下幾個實例：

◇He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                      B. which                   C. as                        D. because

你知道句中的 believe it or not 是什么成分嗎？你認為此題應填 which 嗎？換句話說，填空句是一個非限制性定語從句嗎？如果你正是這樣認為的，那你就大錯特錯了。

◇She promised _________ he had enough money she would marry him.

A. that                      B. if                         C. that if                   D. if that

【分析】此題答案應選A還是B？另外，that 與 if 可以重迭嗎？若可以，是 that if 還是 if that？其中的 that 可以省略嗎？

◇“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.” “So do I”.

A. hope                    B. hopes                   C. hoping                  D. hoped

空白處是謂語還是非謂語？該填 hope(s) 還是 hoping? 其中的 working hard at his or her lessons 在句中起什么作用？

你若想知道以上問題的答案，或想知道其他相關更多問題的答案，請繼續往下讀。

1. Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves?

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                     D. what

【分析】此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實此題應選C，它引導的是一個賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其實此句也可說成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：

I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked me.

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                      D. what

答案選 C，句子可改寫為 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken. 即 that he liked me 是動詞 think 之賓語從句。

2. He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                     B. which                   C. as                        D. because

【分析】此題容易誤選 B，誤認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實此題應選 A，that 引導的是一個用以修飾名詞 the news 的同位語從句。不少同學之所以誤選B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）這個插入成分惹的禍。

3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.

A. as well                 B. as well as             C. so well                 D. so well as

此句的正常結構是這樣的：John plays football as well as David, if he doesn’t play football better than David. 由于命題者將其后的狀語從句移至句中，且將其省略成 if not better than，不少學生(尤其是一些閱讀能力較差的學生)對這個句子的分析感到無從下手，從而導致誤選。此題正確答案應為 B。

【分析】此題應選B。容易誤選A。這是一個省略句, 其中的  if not better than＝if he doesn't play football  better than。全句意為：吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好, 至少也是一樣好。請做以下類似試題 (答案均選D)：

(1) Her pronunciation is _________, if not better than, her teacher's.

A. as well                 B. as well as              C. as good                D. as good as

(2) This bridge is _________, if not stronger than, that one.

A. so strong              B. as strong              C. so strong as          D. as strong as

(3) He has been to Paris_________, if not more than, ten times.

A. so much               B. so many               C. so much               D. as many as

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