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四、思維定勢型

有的同學(xué)不能靈活地運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行表達(dá)，而是憑印象觀念，結(jié)果寫錯(cuò)句子。

1. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起度過的日子。

誤：I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.

正：I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together.

析：有的同學(xué)記住了定語從句的規(guī)則，當(dāng)先行詞指時(shí)間時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when，而沒用考慮它在定語從句中做什么成分。此句中的spent是及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)由which或that替代the days作它的賓語。

2. 炎日下沒有比一杯冷飲更讓人愉悅的了。

誤：Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day.

正：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.

析：有的同學(xué)只知道用that指代前面的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。殊不知，此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink這種樂趣相比，因此應(yīng)該看成單數(shù)概念。

3. 他從上一星期二一直病著。

誤：He has been ill from last Tuesday.

正：He has been ill since last Tuesday.

析：有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為“從…”譯為from, 如：從7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)from7 to 9;從家到學(xué)校from home to school. 但在現(xiàn)在完成式中卻用since.

4. 那個(gè)丟失的孩子最后一次被看見在河邊玩。

誤：The missing boy was last seen to play near the river.

正：The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.

析：有的同學(xué)只記得：在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中感官動(dòng)詞后面不帶to,而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)則必須帶to. 因此沒有具體分析，此句是考查感官動(dòng)詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)態(tài)情景�！翱匆娔橙苏�在做某事”譯為see sb. doing sth.,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)為sb. is seen doing sth.

5. 他很少上學(xué)遲到，如果有的話，也很少。

誤：He is seldom, if any , late for school.

正：He is seldom, if ever, late for school.

析：有的同學(xué)知道any用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，但此句是一個(gè)省略句，完整的句子為He is seldom, if he has ever been , late for school. 用if ever表示如果曾經(jīng)遲到過的話。

6. 他把雨傘忘在火車上了。

誤：He has forgot his umbrella on the train.

正：He has left his umbrella on the train.

析：“遺忘”譯為forget 或leave.但二者是由區(qū)別的：leave 多于表示場所的地點(diǎn)狀語連用，而forget 通常不與表場所的地點(diǎn)狀語連用。外出時(shí)把東西忘記在家里的時(shí)候通常用forget. 如：“我忘了帶駕駛證”譯為I’ve forgot the driver’s license.

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