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2006年研究生公共英語(yǔ)試題（翻譯部分）

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”

【答案及分析】

1. 原文：I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.

分析：elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems中存在語(yǔ)序倒裝現(xiàn)象，正常語(yǔ)序是elected the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life，其中的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為elected…as…，意思是“選擇……作為……”。

參考譯文：我所說(shuō)的知識(shí)分子指“把運(yùn)用蘇格拉底方式思考道德問(wèn)題作為自己人生主要職責(zé)和樂(lè)趣的個(gè)人”。

2. 原文：His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

分析：短語(yǔ)is analogous to的意思是“類似于”。同樣地，revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision也存在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常語(yǔ)序是revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

參考譯文：知識(shí)分子的職責(zé)類似于法官，其必須承擔(dān)的義務(wù)是以盡可能明白的方式說(shuō)明作出決策的思維過(guò)程。

3. 原文：I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

分析：be charged with意思是“委以（重任）”；approach作動(dòng)詞用，這里的意思是“處理，考慮”；but作介詞用，意思是“除……以外”。

參考譯文：我把普通科學(xué)工作者排除在外，理由是，盡管普通科學(xué)工作者的成就也許有助于道德問(wèn)題的解決，但他們承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過(guò)是研究這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)層面。

4. 原文：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

分析：本句的句型是not…any more than…，表示同等程度的比較，意思是“如同……一樣”。

參考譯文：但是，普通科學(xué)工作者的主要任務(wù)不是思考支配其行為的道德規(guī)范，正如不能指望商人把整個(gè)精力用于探索商業(yè)行為規(guī)范一樣。

5. 原文：They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

分析：and more than earn their salaries與very well形成并列關(guān)系，都是用來(lái)修飾teach的，其中more than比較結(jié)構(gòu)中還包含有省略結(jié)構(gòu), 主句如果補(bǔ)全，應(yīng)該是：and they may teach more than earn their salaries；短語(yǔ)reflections on的意思是“對(duì)……進(jìn)行反思”。

參考譯文：他們?cè)趥鞯朗跇I(yè)方面也許做得很好，而且不僅僅是為了掙錢(qián)。但絕大多數(shù)知識(shí)分子對(duì)于涉及道德判斷的人類問(wèn)題很少或沒(méi)有進(jìn)行獨(dú)立反思。

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