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《that用法新探》(中)
作者:李  翔  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2013-04-22  文章錄入:李翔  責任編輯:admin

  

   

除性質不同外,這兩種分句還有其它兩個主要方面的區別,即使用關系代詞的區別和先行詞的區別。現分述如下:  

使用關系代詞的區別  

在兩種從句中使用的關系代詞有許多不同的情況。  

A.不是所有的能引導定語從句的關系代詞都能用在分裂句中。  

a. that who是分裂句最常用的關系代詞,在這二者之間用that的時候更多,因為指人或指其它都可用that。例如:  

It is the university president that/who will give a speech next Monday.  

b.如果要表示屬格的概念,whose是可以用的。例如:  

It’s his brother whose telephone number he has forgotten. (這句話的意思相當于:It’s his brother’s telephone number that he has forgotten.)  

c. whom which是很少用的。whom which用在介詞后面更幾乎是不可以的。例如:  

It was Jane that I saw.  

不能說:﹡It was Jane whom I saw.  

It was a hen that I kept.   

不能說:﹡It was a hen which I kept.   

It was to the hen that I gave some rice. (這個句子里被強調的成分是the hen。即強調我是給母雞吃米,不是給鴨子或其它家禽。這個分裂句中的that是不能用which代替的。)    

試比較:  

It was the hen to which I gave some rice. (在這個句子里,to which I gave some rice是定語從句,修飾先行詞 the hen。這個句子的主語it是人稱代詞,指母雞,不是“強調”it)    

再比較下列句子:  

It was the old lady that I offered my seat. (這是一個分裂句,被強調的成分是the old lady。這個句子是從I offered my seat to the old lady.轉換來的。)  

She was the old lady to whom I offered my seat. (這個句子里的to whom I offered my seat 很顯然是修飾the old lady的定語從句。這個句子不是分裂句,如果硬要用“強調”it作這個句子的主語,那是極其錯誤的。)  

可見在分裂句中whom, which是罕見的,而且也幾乎不能用在介詞后面。  

d.whenwhere不能在分裂句中用來指時間和地點。必須要用 that來代替這兩個詞。例如:  

It was to the hospital that I sent him. (此處不能用 where)  

It was last week that I sent him to the hospital. (此處不能用 when  

   

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