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《that用法新探》(中)
作者:李  翔  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2013-04-22  文章錄入:李翔  責(zé)任編輯:admin

  

   

 4.3.5 關(guān)系代詞that 與關(guān)系副詞why的區(qū)別  

關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性關(guān)系從句,且其先行項只有一個the reason。例如:  

章振邦主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版)(上海譯文出版社19971月第3)P1383:關(guān)系副詞why可以在the reason why(表示理由的先行項只有reason一個詞)結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性關(guān)系分句,這通常用于正式語體;在非正式語體,通?梢允÷躁P(guān)系副詞why。例如:  

The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.  

接著,在P1411指出:但是值得注意的是(the reason) why并不等于 (the reason) for which,比如我們可以說:  

That’s the reason why he came.  

或者,  

That’s the reason (that) he came.  

卻通常不說:﹡That’s the reason for which he came.  

然而,Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage (Third Edition 2005)P479卻有與此截然相反的說法:Do you know the reason why she doesn't like me? (= ... the reason for which ... )  

通過查閱BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/The CORPUS OF CONTEMPORAY AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2012) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/ 可以看出無論英國英語還是美國英語使用(the reason) why的比率遠(yuǎn)大于使用(the reason) for which的比率。  

This is the reason I wrote him.  

This is the reason why I wrote him.                    

This is the reason that I wrote him.   

(潘歡懷《現(xiàn)代英語實用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 19849月第1)p464)  

還可以說:The reason why I’m late is that/because I missed the bus. (李北達(dá)編譯《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》(第四版)(商務(wù)印書館19979月第1) P1241)  

隨便說一下,在正式語體中,以the way作先行項的限制性關(guān)系分句通常由in whichthat引導(dǎo)。例如:  

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.  

但在非正式語體中,通常可以省略in whichthat  

The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.  

I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.  

I don’t like the way (that) I studied.   

This is the way that I studied.  

I don’t like the way (that) in which I studied.   

(潘歡懷《現(xiàn)代英語實用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 19849月第1)p464)  

在英語中不能用how引導(dǎo)以the way為先行項的限制性或非限制性關(guān)系分句。比如不說 That is the way how he spoke, 但可以說That is how he spoke.  

在這里,how he spoke是名詞性分句。  

4.4 that 用于分裂句(cleft sentence)  

 4.4.1 分裂句(cleft sentence)的概念  

楊元興等在《英語句型大全》(上海外語教育出版社2007 3月第1)p686和潘歡懷在《現(xiàn)代英語實用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 19849月第1) p549指出:分裂句(cleft sentence)就是我們常說的強調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It +be+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who從句。之所以叫作“分裂”是因為一個句子被分裂開成為兩個各有主謂的部分。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用以強調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的大多數(shù)句子成分。  

   

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