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f. 先行項兼指人和物時，必須用that。例如：　　

He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 　　

I saw a boy and his dog that were walking in the park.　　

g. 避免與先行項who重復時，應用that，例如：　　

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 　　

h. 先行項前有形容詞最高級、序數詞等修飾時，常用that。例如：　　

I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. 　　

i. 先行項前有the only, the very, the same, all等修飾時，常用that。例如：　　

That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.  　　

All the passengers that were injured were carried to the hospital.　　

j. 在強調句中，多用that，也可用who。例如：　　

It was 　Columbus　 that/who discovered 　　America　　 in 1492.　　

k. “介詞+關系代詞”引導關系從句時，其中的關系代詞不能用who或that，只能用 whom。例如：　　

The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange. (可以改為: The people who/that/whom he worked with thought he was a bit strange. )　　

Is he the student to whom you gave the book? 相當于Is he the student (that) you gave the book to? (黃永安主編《新編大學英語語法》(華中理工大學出版社 1997年3月第1版) P287)　　

I know the student you gave the book to.　　

I know the student that you gave the book to.　　

I know the student that you gave the book to.　　

I know the student whom you gave the book to.　　

I know the student to whom you gave the book to. (正式表達法)  　　

(潘歡懷《現代英語實用句法》(北京師范大學出版社 1984年9月第1版)p462)　　

l. 在“It’s +名詞+關系從句+關系從句”中，后一個關系從句要用 that引導。例如：　　

It is only a man who has seen much of the world that can be a leader.　　

m. 關系代詞在關系從句中作表語時，多用that或省略。例如：　　

He was not the man that he was.　　

　4.3.2　關系代詞that和which之間的用法區別 　　

關系代詞that和which都可以指物，可以作主語、賓語和表語，往往可以互換。 　　

a. 當不定代詞everything, anything, nothing, something，much, little one, all, few, none指物作先行項時，多用that。例如： 　　

Everything that you say to him goes in one ear and out the other.　　

All that glitters is not gold.  　　

I hope the little that I’ve done has been useful.　　

There’s little (that) I can do to make for lost time.　　

There was nothing that a beetle could have lunch upon.　　

上句中的that通常可以省略。在以“It+ be”,“That +be”或“There +be”開頭的句子，關系代詞作主語，通常可以省略。再如：　　

That was her spirit (that) inspired him.　　

但有時關系代詞也可用which。例如：　　

The word “if” suggests that the speaker is pretending to doubt something which he does not regard as important.　　

Matter is the name given to everything which has weight and occupies space.　　

A negatively charged body is one which contains more electrons than normal number.　　

This is all which Mr. Black could offer.　　

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