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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(11)
作者:TJG  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2012-06-02  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

observe v.

表示“注意到”,通常是指無意中注意到,其后可接帶不定式(不帶 to)或現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Everyone observed him leave [leaving] the room. 大家都注意到了他離開屋子。

I observed her enter [entering] the bank at 9:30. 我注意到她九點半進(jìn)了銀行。

注:以上結(jié)構(gòu)用現(xiàn)在分詞或不帶 to 的不定式的區(qū)別為:用現(xiàn)在分詞可指動作正在進(jìn)行(未完成)或動詞作的全過程(已完成),而用不帶 to 的不定式通常只指動作的全過程(即動詞已完成)

另外,若 observe 為被動語態(tài),則其后的不定式要帶 to。如:

She was observed to enter the bank at 9:30.

用于以上詞義時,還可后接從句。如:

I observed that several students were asleep. 我注意到有幾個學(xué)生睡著了。

 

occur v.

1. 表示“發(fā)生”、“出現(xiàn)”,是不及物動詞,所以不能帶賓語,也不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:

事故(地震)是什么時候發(fā)生的?

誤:When was the accident (earthquake) occurred?

正:When did the accident (earthquake) occur?

每頁都有兩三個錯誤。

誤:Two or three mistakes are occurred in every page.

正:Two or three mistakes occur in every page.

2. 表示某想法出現(xiàn)在某人腦海中或被某人想到,通常與介詞 to連用。如:

A good idea occurred to me. 我想起了個好主意。

His name just did not occur to my memory. 我就是想不起他的名字。

注:在以上用法中,若主語為從句或不定式,則在句首使用形式主語 it, 而把真正的主語放在后面。如:

It never occurred to me that he was a thief. 我怎么也沒想到他是個賊。

Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it? 難道你就沒有想到給他們打個電話?

 

of prep.

1. 表示所有關(guān)系,用以構(gòu)成名詞的所有格。如:the gate of the

school(校門)the secret of success(成功的秘密)等。

注意以下正誤表達(dá):

正:He is a friend of my father. 他是我父親的一位朋友。

正:He is a friend of my father’s. 他是我父親的一位朋友。

正:He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。

誤:He is a friend of me.

以下表達(dá)是錯誤的:

誤:What’s the name of you? (改為……your name)

誤:Do you know the father of him? (改為……his father)

誤:I will show the books of me. (改為……my books)

但是以下表達(dá)卻是對的(of 表示動賓關(guān)系)

正:I hate the sight of him. 我討厭看到他。

正:His criticism of her is serious. 他對她的批評是嚴(yán)肅 的。

2. age, shape, size, colour, height, design, weight 等名詞連用,可用作表語或定語;其中的介詞 of 有時可省略。如:(www.52ysedu.com)

When I was (of) your age, I lived in the country. 我像你這個年紀(jì)的時候,我住在鄉(xiāng)下。

The two boys are (of) the same height. 這兩個男孩一樣高。

Here is a piece of wood (of) the right size. 這有一塊木頭,其大小剛好適合。

3. 與某些名詞連用,相當(dāng)于形容詞,可用作定語或表語。如:

The dictionary is of much help to the students. 這本字典對學(xué)生幫助很大。

Nothing of importance resulted from this movement. 這次運動收效甚微。

The work you are doing now is not of much value. 你現(xiàn)在做的工作沒有多大價值。

4. hear, talk, know, tell, speak 等動詞連用,表示一種間接性,大意為“涉及到”。如:

Have you heard of such a man? 你聽說過這樣的人嗎?

I know of the poet. 我聽說過這位詩人。

 

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