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過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的三個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) | |||
作者:xsyyb-05… 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2015/10/3 |
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過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的三個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一:未弄清某些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的特殊用法 【典例】When you’re ________ (do) with the book, just give it to Mary or Shelley or whoever. 【解析】有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為,由于句子主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞do之間在此不是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處的 do 不能用過(guò)去分詞done,而應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞doing。但實(shí)際上,此題答案正是要填過(guò)去分詞done。其實(shí) be done with是英語(yǔ)中的固定搭配,其中的done相當(dāng)于finished。句意為:當(dāng)你看完這本書的時(shí)候,就把它交給瑪麗,或謝莉,或其他什么人。 【歸納】具有類似用法的還有finished, gone, parked等。如: Shut off the computer when you’re finished. 你做完活后把計(jì)算機(jī)關(guān)掉。 I left my keys just there and next moment they were gone. 我把鑰匙就落在那兒了,一會(huì)兒功夫就不見(jiàn)了。 Someone’s parked right across the entrance to the driveway. 有人把車直當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)赝T诹塑嚨赖娜肟谔帯?/SPAN> 錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二:誤以為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一定表被動(dòng) 【典例】Our customers fall into two main categories: ________ (retire) people and housewives. 【解析】有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為,retire是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義,故應(yīng)填retiring。但實(shí)際上,本題答案是 retired,此處的過(guò)去分詞retired并不表示被動(dòng)意義,而是表示完成意義(指已退休的)。句意為:我們的顧客主要有兩類:退休人員和家庭主婦。 【歸納】原則上說(shuō),過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義,如spoken test(口試),a trained nurse(受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的護(hù)士)等。但也有少數(shù)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),不表示被動(dòng)意義,而只表示完成意義,這類用法比較常見(jiàn)的有an escaped prisoner(逃犯),a retired teacher(退休教師),fallen leaves(落葉),the newly arrived visitors(新到的客人),a dated map(過(guò)時(shí)的地圖),faded flowers(凋謝的花),the risen sun(升起了的太陽(yáng))等。 要點(diǎn)三:想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一定前置 【典例】Please complete the following sentences with the words ________ (give). 【分析】面對(duì)此題,許多同學(xué)的第一感覺(jué)是,此處不能填單個(gè)的分詞,而應(yīng)填一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),因?yàn)樵谶@些同學(xué)看來(lái),單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)總是放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前,只有短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)才會(huì)后置——這種認(rèn)識(shí)基本上是對(duì)的,但不完全對(duì)。如本題應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞given,而不是to be given(因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不符合此處的語(yǔ)境)。 【歸納】單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),既可前置,也可后置,其區(qū)別是:如果前置,則表明這個(gè)過(guò)去分詞具有形容詞的特征(有的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞);如果后置,則表明這個(gè)過(guò)去分詞仍為動(dòng)詞(其動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng),通常可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句)。比較: The work must be done within the given time. 工作必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。(given已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,意思是“規(guī)定的”“特定的”) Write a sentence beginning with a similar meaning to the one given. 用跟所給詞意思相近的詞開頭寫一個(gè)句子。(given是過(guò)去分詞,相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which is given) 【即學(xué)即練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空: 1. The thief slipped back my wallet, but the money was _______ (go). 2. If the bank doesn’t loan us the money, we’re _______ (finish). 3. She moved backwards and forwards until she was _______ (park) close to the pavement. 4. Many _______ (date) expressions are being dropped from the new dictionary. 5. She gathered the _______ (fall) apples and carried them in her lap. 6. It’s arguable that _______ (retire) football players become good managers. 7. We have reason to believe that the _______ (escape) prisoner may be hiding in this house. 8. Our guest is a young student newly _______ (arrive) in 9. Complete the sentence with one of the adjectives _______ (provide) in the box. 10. The meeting lasted three hours, but we couldn’t agree on any of the problems _______ (discuss). 參考答案:1. gone 2. finished 3. parked 4. dated 5. fallen 6. retired 7. escaped 8. arrived 9. provided 10. discussed |
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