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過去分詞作定語和表語的三個易錯點
作者:xsyyb-05…  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2015-10-03  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



過去分詞作定語和表語的三個易錯點

 

錯點一:未弄清某些過去分詞作表語的特殊用法

【典例】When you’re ________ (do) with the book, just give it to Mary or Shelley or whoever.

【解析】有的同學(xué)認為,由于句子主語與動詞do之間在此不是被動關(guān)系,所以此處的 do 不能用過去分詞done,而應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞doing。但實際上,此題答案正是要填過去分詞done。其實 be done with是英語中的固定搭配,其中的done相當(dāng)于finished。句意為:當(dāng)你看完這本書的時候,就把它交給瑪麗,或謝莉,或其他什么人。

【歸納】具有類似用法的還有finished, gone, parked等。如:

Shut off the computer when you’re finished. 你做完活后把計算機關(guān)掉。

I left my keys just there and next moment they were gone. 我把鑰匙就落在那兒了,一會兒功夫就不見了。

Someone’s parked right across the entrance to the driveway. 有人把車直當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)赝T诹塑嚨赖娜肟谔帯?/SPAN>

 

錯點二:誤以為過去分詞作定語時一定表被動

【典例Our customers fall into two main categories: ________ (retire) people and housewives. 

【解析】有的同學(xué)認為,retire是不及物動詞,不能用過去分詞表示被動意義,故應(yīng)填retiring。但實際上,本題答案是 retired,此處的過去分詞retired并不表示被動意義,而是表示完成意義(指已退休的)。句意為:我們的顧客主要有兩類:退休人員和家庭主婦。

【歸納】原則上說,過去分詞作定語時表示被動意義,如spoken test(口試),a trained nurse(受過訓(xùn)練的護士)等。但也有少數(shù)過去分詞作定語,不表示被動意義,而只表示完成意義,這類用法比較常見的有an escaped prisoner(逃犯),a retired teacher(退休教師),fallen leaves(落葉),the newly arrived visitors(新到的客人),a dated map(過時的地圖),faded flowers(凋謝的花),the risen sun(升起了的太陽)等。

 

要點三:想當(dāng)然地認單個過去分詞作定語一定前置

【典例】Please complete the following sentences with the words ________ (give).

【分析】面對此題,許多同學(xué)的第一感覺是,此處不能填單個的分詞,而應(yīng)填一個非謂語動詞短語,因為在這些同學(xué)看來,單個的分詞作定語總是放在被修飾詞語之前,只有短語作定語才會后置——這種認識基本上是對的,但不完全對。如本題應(yīng)填過去分詞given,而不是to be given(因為不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,不符合此處的語境)。

【歸納】單個的過去分詞作定語時,既可前置,也可后置,其區(qū)別是:如果前置,則表明這個過去分詞具有形容詞的特征(有的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞);如果后置,則表明這個過去分詞仍為動詞(其動作意味很強,通常可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句)。比較:

The work must be done within the given time. 工作必須在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成。(given已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,意思是“規(guī)定的”“特定的”)

Write a sentence beginning with a similar meaning to the one given. 用跟所給詞意思相近的詞開頭寫一個句子。(given是過去分詞,相當(dāng)于定語從句which is given

【即學(xué)即練】用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:

1. The thief slipped back my wallet, but the money was _______ (go).

2. If the bank doesn’t loan us the money, we’re _______ (finish).

3. She moved backwards and forwards until she was _______ (park) close to the pavement.

4. Many _______ (date) expressions are being dropped from the new dictionary.

5. She gathered the _______ (fall) apples and carried them in her lap.

6. It’s arguable that _______ (retire) football players become good managers.

7. We have reason to believe that the _______ (escape) prisoner may be hiding in this house.

8. Our guest is a young student newly _______ (arrive) in England from New Zealand.

9. Complete the sentence with one of the adjectives _______ (provide) in the box.

10. The meeting lasted three hours, but we couldn’t agree on any of the problems _______ (discuss).

參考答案1. gone  2. finished  3. parked  4. dated  5. fallen  6. retired  7. escaped  8. arrived  9. provided  10. discussed

  

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