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“by+名詞+of”的常用固定搭配　　

■湖南  陳根花　　

◆by courtesy of 承蒙……的好意（準(zhǔn)許）；承蒙……提供；作為……的結(jié)果　　

This programme comes by courtesy of a local company. 本節(jié)目由本地的一家公司提供贊助。　　

The pictures have been reproduced by courtesy of the British Museum. 承蒙大英博物館的惠允，復(fù)制了這些畫。　　

【注】有時可省略介詞by。如：　　

Win a weekend in Rome, courtesy of Fiat. 贏取菲亞特公司提供的到羅馬度周末的機會。　　

Viewers can see the stadium from the air, courtesy of a camera fastened to the plane. 由于飛機上安裝有攝像機，電視觀眾可以從空中鳥瞰體育場。　　

◆by means of 用，依靠　　

He got into the house by means of an open window. 他從一扇開著的窗戶爬進(jìn)屋去。　　

They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他們能夠用雷達(dá)測定快艇的方位。　　

◆by reason of 由于……的原因　　

He escaped punishment by reason of youth. 他由于年輕，沒有受到處罰。　　

The plan failed by reason of bad organization. 這個計劃由于組織不周而失敗了。　　

◆by virtue of 由于，因為；憑借　　

I got this house by virtue of my job. 我由于工作的原因得到了這棟房子。　　

He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth [of being so young, of the fact that he was so young]. 他因年幼而獲得免費。　　

◆by way of 經(jīng)由；為了，意在　　

He came to Japan by way of China. 他經(jīng)中國來到日本。　　

He sent her flowers by way of apology. 他給她送去鮮花，以表歉意。