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同義句變換的九種類型
作者:石莉芳  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2017-03-22  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



同義句變換的九種類型

 

作者:石莉芳(湖南)

來源:《第二課堂(初中版)》,2005年第02期,第20-22

 

同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題是近幾年中考英語的一個常考題型,其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子,第一句完整,第二句中設(shè)有幾處空格,要求考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組,使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查考生的語法、詞匯、短語或習(xí)慣用語和句型結(jié)構(gòu)等知識,要求運用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法知識和句型結(jié)構(gòu)填寫句子,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中考英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題主要考查以下幾個方面:

一、運用同義詞()進行轉(zhuǎn)換

用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換,注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如:

1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

That day we could see flowers _______.

分析:答案為everywhereeverywherehere and there都表示到處

2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

The teacher always  _______ _______ the children well in the school.

分析:答案為looks aftertake good care of look after…well都表示好好照顧

3. Some of us are good at telling stories.

Some of us ________ ________ in telling stories.

分析:答案為do wellbe good atdo well in都可表示……(方面)做得好或擅長于

二、運用反義詞()的否定式進行轉(zhuǎn)

即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思,主要考查學(xué)生對反義詞、詞組的積累和換位思維的能力。如

1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

  It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.

分析:答案為same asbe different from 意為……不同the same as意為……相同,其否定式與be different from 同義。

2. I think wealth is less important than health.

I _______ think wealth is _______ important than health.

分析:答案為don’t, moreless important的意思是沒有(不及)……重要more important的意思是“()……更重要,該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用,則表示不比……更重要

另外,有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用,而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如:

He lent some money to his friend.

His friend _______ some money _______ him.

分析:答案為borrowed, fromborrow…from意為…………”lend…to意為……借給……”。兩個結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反,但若變換借出者借入者的位置,則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。

三、運用不同語態(tài)進行轉(zhuǎn)換

即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞,但此時要特別注意時態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞一致性。如

1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

Library books should _______ _______ _______ on time.

分析:答案為be given back。被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should,因此助動詞用be

2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

Computers ________ widely ________ in the world today.

分析:答案為are, usedcomputers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,助動詞用are

 

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