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so that, so…that 和 such…that 用法歸納

■湖北武漢  曾克輝

在學(xué)習(xí)so that 和so…that從句時(shí)，有相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為：so that 是用來構(gòu)成目的狀語從句的，而so…that則是用來構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語從句的。其實(shí)，情況并不是這樣。

so that同樣可以用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，無論是否有副詞作狀語或形容詞作表語，這就要得從意義上和so that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)上來考慮，表目的的so that狀語從句中通常情況下都含有一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較：

He hurried to the station so that he could catch the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙趕到車站，為的是能搭上早班車。（表目的）

= He got to the station hurriedly so that he could catch the early bus.

He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙趕到車站，結(jié)果搭上了早班車。（表結(jié)果）

= He got to the station hurriedly so that he caught the early bus.

= He got to the station so hurriedly that he caught the early bus.

※但若副詞或形容詞是放在so …that之間，就算that從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也只能表示結(jié)果。

The boy was so stupid that he couldn’t work out the maths problem. 這個(gè)男孩很笨，所以他解不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。

注：① 表目的的so that 從句可以用in order that 替換；若主句和從句的主語一致的時(shí)候還可以用so as to或in order to將其轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句。如：

       I got up early so that I could be in time for the morning exercises.

       → I got up early in order that I could be in time for the morning exercises.

       → I got up early so as to / in order to be in time for the morning exercises.

② 有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣，in order that 從句或in order to短語還可以放到句首，但so that 和so as to卻不行。如：

In order that I could be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.

In order to be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.

③ 當(dāng)so…that（或so that）結(jié)構(gòu)的主句中有副詞作狀語或形容詞作表語時(shí)，必須用so + adv. / adj. + as to才可以將其轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句來表示結(jié)果，否則是表示目的。試比較：

I spoke so loud as to be heard by everyone. 我講得聲音很大，結(jié)果大家都聽清楚了。（表結(jié)果）

I spoke loud so as to be heard by everyone. 我很大聲地講，是為了大家能都聽清楚。（表目的）

④ 在so + adv. / adj. + that所構(gòu)成的結(jié)果狀語從句中，人們常常把so + adv. / adj. 移到句首并將謂語動(dòng)詞倒裝來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：

So hard did the boy study that he passed the exam.

So clever is the boy that he can answer the question.

⑤ 人們在口語中常省去so…that的that，也有人省去so而保留that。如：

She was so excited (that) she could hardly fall asleep.

She was (so) excited that she could hardly fall asleep.

在書寫中省去that時(shí)，最好加上逗號(hào)，把句子的兩個(gè)部分隔開。例如：

She was so excited, she could hardly fall asleep.

so…that和such…that都可以構(gòu)成結(jié)果從句，所不同的是so…that之間接形容詞或副詞，而  such…that之間接名詞。一般情況下，即使名詞前有形容詞修飾也不能換用so…that。例如：

The boy is so clever that everyone likes him.

The boy is such a fool that he can’t understand it.

Titanic is such a moving film that all of us want to see it.

The teacher gave the children such wonderful picture books that they got wild with joy.

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