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　3.5.3　 it, that和 one的區別　　

it, that和 one都可以作替代詞，但是它們之間的用法是有區別的：　　

a. one=a(an)+名詞　　

one 所替代的名詞和前面提及的名詞屬于同一類中的任何一個，并非同一個。例如：　　

He has no dictionary, and no money to buy one (=a dictionary).　　

This hat is too small; show me a lager one (= hat), please.　　

b. it=the/this/that/形容詞性物主代詞+名詞　　

it所替代的名詞和前面所提及的名詞指同一個事物。例如：　　

He has a dictionary, but he will not lend it to me.　　

I drank some water, but it made me thirstier.　　

c. that =the +名詞　　

that所替代的名詞(短語)和前面提及的名詞(短語)只屬于同一類中另外指定的一個，和one 替代同一類中任何一個不同；也和it所替代的同一個不同。that替代不可數名詞(短語)或單數可數名詞(短語)，只能代替事物，不能代替人。其復數形式those替代復數可數名詞(短語)(包括and連結的并列結構)，既可以替代人，也可以替代事物。例如：　　

The air of the country is fresher than that (=the air) of the city.　　

that所替代的是城市的air，和前面鄉村的air只屬于同一類——都是air，但不是同一個事物。　　

The tail of a rabbit is not so long as that(=the tail) of a rat.　　

Towards the end of his life, Schubert wrote two remarkable trios: that in B flat and that in D flat.　　

The blond girls I saw were older than those (= the ones) you were dancing with.　　

試比較：　　

I cannot find my umbrella; I think I must buy one(an umbrella).　　

I cannot find my umbrella; I don’t know where I put it(=my umbrella).　　

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that (=the umbrella) I bought.　　

the one 和that有共同之處，即都可以替代指物“the+重復的單數可數名詞”；the ones 和those則替代重復的復數名詞。不同之處是后接of短語時不能用the one，復數名詞不用the ones, 而要用that復數名詞用those；后接定語從句時更常用the one, 復數名詞用the ones例如：　　

My seat was next to that of the mayor. (不能用the one)　　

I drew my chair nearer to the one (=that) on which Sophy was sitting.　　

The mountains of 　Switzerland　 are much higher than those of 　　Wales　　. (不能用the ones)　　

The paintings of Gauguin’s Tahiti period are more famous than those (=the ones) he painted in 　　France　　.　　

The check is in that drawer—the one (=that) with the key in the lock.　　

The children who do best in examinations are not always the ones (=those) with the best brains.　　

此外， 雖是復數形式而實際上是不可數的集合名詞及以and連結的名詞，都不可用the ones替代，而要用those。例如：　　

The cloths people wear today do not seem to last as long as those that people wore in the past.　　

The culture and customs of 　America　 are more like those of 　　England　　 than of any other country.　　

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