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內(nèi)部講義:?荚~的語(yǔ)法與用法(02)
作者:TJG  文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2012-05-31  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



內(nèi)部講義:?荚~的語(yǔ)法與用法(02)

 

among prep.

1. 表示“在…中間”,通常用于三者或三者以上的人或事物,其賓語(yǔ)通常是一個(gè)表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)量或具有復(fù)數(shù)(或集合)意義的名詞或代詞。如:

They hid themselves among the trees. 他們躲在樹(shù)林中。

I found it among a pile of old books. 我在一堆舊書(shū)中找到了它。

2. 有時(shí)可用來(lái)引出最高級(jí)的比較范圍。如:

The book is the best among the modern novels. 在現(xiàn)代小說(shuō) 中這本是最好的。

3. 表示“是……當(dāng)中的一個(gè)”,相當(dāng)于 one of。如:

I was among the first to come. 我是來(lái)得最早的一個(gè)。

Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。

 

amount n. & v.

1. 用作名詞,意為“數(shù)量”、“金額”等,通常用于 a (great, large) amount of 這類結(jié)構(gòu),其后通常接不可數(shù)名詞; 這類結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)取決于 amount 的數(shù)。如:

在這座橋上花了大量資金。

: A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.

: Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

比較:在 a great number of 之后通常接可數(shù)名詞(用復(fù)數(shù))

2. 用作動(dòng)詞,意為“合計(jì)”、“等于”、“意味著”,通常是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后常接介詞 to。如:

Building cost amounts to six million dollars. 建筑費(fèi)用達(dá)600 萬(wàn)元。

Her reply amounts to a refusal. 她的回答等于拒絕。

This amounts to doing the whole thing over again. 這等于要把整個(gè)事重做一遍。

 

and conj.

1. 連接兩個(gè)相同的比較級(jí),表示“越來(lái)越……”。如:

It moves faster and faster. 它動(dòng)得越來(lái)越快。

Your work is getting better and better. 你的工作干得越來(lái)越好了。

2. 連接兩個(gè)相同的動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)或連續(xù)。如:

He coughed and coughed. 他咳個(gè)不停。

He tried and tried but without success. 他試了又試,但沒(méi)有成功。

3. 連接兩個(gè)相同的名詞,表示“許多”或“有各種各樣的” (即有好的也有壞的)。如:

They talked for hours and hours. 他們談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

There are books and books. 有各種各樣的書(shū)(即書(shū)有好壞之分)。

4. 在口語(yǔ)中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的(and 在此相當(dāng)于不定式符號(hào) to)。如:

Come and have a look. 來(lái)看一看。

We will try and get one tomorrow. 我們明天設(shè)法弄一個(gè)來(lái)。

We ought to stop and think. 我們應(yīng)該停下來(lái)想一想。

Will you go and fetch me some paper, please? 請(qǐng)你去給我拿點(diǎn)紙來(lái)好嗎?

以上動(dòng)詞除 try 只能用原形外,其它動(dòng)詞都可有多種形式。如:

正:We stayed and had a drink with him. 我們留下來(lái)同他喝 了一杯。

正:We stopped and bought some flowers. 我們停下來(lái)買了些 花。

誤:He tried and finished the work in time.

注:在 come, go 之后的 and 有時(shí)可以省略(尤其在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中)。如:

I’ll come (and) see you later. 我晚些時(shí)候再來(lái)看你。

5. 用在祈使句后,表示結(jié)果,意為“那么”(暗示一種條件)。如:

Work hard and you’ll pass the examinations (=If you work

hard, you’ll pass the examinations). 努力吧,你考試會(huì)及格的。

Arrive late once more and you’re fired (=If you arrive late once more, you’re fired). 再遲到一次,就把你開(kāi)除。

有時(shí)也可以不是用于祈使句后表示結(jié)果。如:

One more step and I will fire. 你再動(dòng)一步,我就要開(kāi)槍了。

6. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示“很”、“挺”。如:

It’s nice and cool under the tree. 這樹(shù)下很涼快。

The book is nice and expensive. 這本書(shū)很貴。

7. 在主從復(fù)合句中,不要在主句前誤加 and。如:

要是下雨,我們就呆在家里。

正:If it rains, we’ll stay at home.

誤:If it rains, and we’ll stay at home.

8. 某些用 and 連接的兩個(gè)詞,與漢語(yǔ)順序相反,不要按漢語(yǔ)詞序顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。如:

rich and poor 貧富 land and water 水陸

right and left 左右 north and south 南北

food and drink 飲食 food and clothing 衣食

9. 比較以下各組句子有無(wú)連詞 and 的差別:

天氣晴朗,我們出去散了步。

正:The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.

正:The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.

教室里包括老師有五個(gè)人。

正:In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.

正:In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was included.

他有兩個(gè)小孩,都很頑皮。

正:He has two children, both of whom are naughty.

正:He has two children, and both of them are naughty.

 

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