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重點中學英語語法講義-狀語從句
作者:HMYY  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2012-05-31  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin


 

重點中學英語語法講義-狀語從句

 

 

一、概說

狀語從句即指在主從復合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義,狀語從句可分為時時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學習中的一個語法重點,也是歷年高考重點考查的內(nèi)容之一。學習狀語從句主要應注意引導狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區(qū)別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。

二、時間狀語從句

1. 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞

引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:

Things were different when I was a child. 我小時候情況與現(xiàn)在不同。

We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。

It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見到你,已有很長時間了。

He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準備離開。

除以上基本的引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞:

(1) 表示的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:

Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來我就把消息告訴了他。

The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒希望了。

We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。

Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。

(2) 涉及time的幾個從屬連詞:every time(每次)each time(每次)(the) next time(下次)any time(隨時)the last time(上次)the first time(第一次)。如:

Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。

He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話,他都感到緊張。

He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時他沒告訴我。

2. 時間狀語從句與及其主句的時態(tài)

關(guān)于這個問題有兩點值得注意:

(1) 當主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時,時間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時態(tài):

Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。

I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來我就告訴他。

(2) since 從句搭配的主句的時態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài):

He has lived here since 1999. 1999年以來,他就一直住在這兒。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了?

注:在特定的語言環(huán)境中有時也可能用過去完成時或一現(xiàn)在時:

It seems like years since we last met.  我們似乎幾年未見面了。

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。

三、條件狀語從句

1. 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞

主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等:

You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。

As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。

注:除以上基本的引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有的動詞尤其是其分詞形式(suppose, supposing, provided, providing)和介詞短語(in case, on condition that)也可用作連詞表示條件:

If case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記,請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?/SPAN>

I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來, 那我就來。

He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時到,就可以和我們一起走。

Suppose supposing 引導條件狀語從句時,通常用于主句為疑問句的場合:

Suppose the boss saw youwhat would he say? 如果老板看到你,他會怎樣說?

Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來,是不是不帶他去?

2. 條件狀語從句的時態(tài)

當主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意時,條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時態(tài):

In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來,告訴我一聲。

I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨,我就呆在家里。

注:有時也可見到 if you will 這樣的說法,但那不是將來時態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(此處的 will是情態(tài)動詞)

If you will wait for a moment, I’ll go and tell the manager that you are here. 請等一下,我去告訴經(jīng)理說你來了。

 

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