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重點中學(xué)英語語法講義-名詞
作者:柯帕斯  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2012-05-30  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

(2) cattle(牛,牲畜)people()police(警察)等,其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:

People will laugh at you. 人們會笑你的。

The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。

For these many cattle were killed. 就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。

注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。

(3) goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特點是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:

Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。

To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?

(4) baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶)equipment(設(shè)備), 其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。

Have you checked all your baggage?  你所有行李都托運了嗎?

特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器。

(5) 補充說明幾個特殊的集合名詞:

hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā)):指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如:

My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。

The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。

mankind(人類):是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:

This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明。

Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。

特別提醒:mankind 表示()”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動物。

fruit(水果):作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:

He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。

He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。

但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會:

Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。

The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。

3. 根據(jù)上下文的語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。高考對名詞的考查還經(jīng)常涉及這樣一類考題,即要求考生根據(jù)所給句子上下文所暗示的語境選擇一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,這類題考查的不一定是要求考生辨析同義詞,而是要求考生根據(jù)語境的要求選出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,或構(gòu)成固定短語或固定搭配,或使句子語意連貫、邏輯通順。請看兩道高考真題:

1. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____.

A. fact       B. reality      C. practice      D. deed

2. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in _____.

A. touch      B. relation     C. connection   D. friendship

1題選C,構(gòu)成短語 put … into practice,意為付諸實踐;第2題選A,構(gòu)成短語keep in touch,意為保持聯(lián)系

五、重點考點強化訓(xùn)練

1. 選擇最佳答案填空:

(1) "Can I help you?" "Two _____."

   A. teas         B. cup teas      C. cups of teas     D. cup of tea 

(2) "Two brown _____ and one large white one, please." she said in _____.

   A. loaf, tear     B. loaves, tears   C. loaf, tears      D. loaves, tear 

(3) How many years’ ______ does your teacher have of teaching English?

A. year’s experience               B. year’s experiences

C. years’ experience               D. years’ experiences  

(4) Of her plays, three were _____ and one was ______.

  A. success, failure                B. successes, a failure

  C. success, a failure              D. successes, failure   

(5) Mother bought two _____ of _____. 

   A. kilos, potatos  B. kiloes, potatoes  C. kilos, potatoes  D. kiloes, potatos

 

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