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英語(yǔ)寫作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤例析(名詞可數(shù)性)

在英語(yǔ)寫作中，有很多同學(xué)把握不好名詞的數(shù)以及一些集合名詞的用法。名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變動(dòng)的依據(jù)主要有以下三種：一是名詞本身屬于單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，二是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾成分，三是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，看該名詞在句子中指代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。請(qǐng)看實(shí)例：

誤用：This is irrelevant and, if I may say so, a rather naughty remark.

改為：This is an irrelevant and, if I may say so, a rather naughty remark.

說(shuō)明：句中的irrelevant 是修飾名詞 remark 的，由于 remark 為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)在修飾它的形容詞前使用合適的限定詞，根據(jù)后面的 a rather naughty 可知，這個(gè)限定詞應(yīng)是不定冠詞。注意不要從漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的不定冠詞。

句意：這話毫不相干，而且要是可以這樣說(shuō)的話，還相當(dāng)?shù)图?jí)。

誤用：Before the boys could answer, angry voice was heard outside.

改為：Before the boys could answer, an angry voice was heard outside.

說(shuō)明：voice 為可數(shù)名詞，在用作單數(shù)時(shí)，其前應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~。注意不要從漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的限定詞。

句意：男孩們還來(lái)不及作出解答，就從外面?zhèn)鱽?lái)憤怒的聲音。

誤用：Considering that they are such important part of undergraduate courses, lectures are often presented in a remarkably poor manner.

改為：Considering that they are such an important part of undergraduate courses, lectures are often presented in a remarkably poor manner.

說(shuō)明：句中的 part 為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)在修飾它的形容詞前加上不定冠詞。注意不要從漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的不定冠詞。

句意：鑒于演講課在大學(xué)本科課程中占了很重要的地位，這些課就顯得上得非常差。

誤用：Undeniably, political stability and human progresses in the country depend on greater economic success.

改為：Undeniably, political stability and human progress in the country depend on greater economic success.

說(shuō)明：progress（進(jìn)步）是不可數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

句意：不可否認(rèn)，國(guó)家政治的穩(wěn)定和人的進(jìn)步都依賴于更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。

誤用：I have played a great deal of glamorous women who have broken men’s hearts, so people tend to see me as that sort of person.

改為：I have played a great number of [a lot of] glamorous women who have broken men’s hearts, so people tend to see me as that sort of person.

說(shuō)明：由于是用于修飾可數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 women，所以不能用 a great deal of。

句意：我已扮演過(guò)許多使男人傷心的、富有魅力的女角色，所以人們往往把我看成是那種人。

誤用：Dr Maturin could speak fluently in Latin and Greek, and as for modern language, to Jack’s certain knowledges he spoke half a dozen.

改為：Dr Maturin could speak fluently in Latin and Greek, and as for modern languages, to Jack’s certain knowledge he spoke half a dozen.

說(shuō)明：modern language 在此指現(xiàn)代各種語(yǔ)言，其中的 language 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；knowledge 為不可數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)，to one’s knowledge 為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“據(jù)某人所知”。

句意：馬圖林博士能流利地用拉丁語(yǔ)和希臘語(yǔ)說(shuō)話。至于現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言，據(jù)杰克的可靠消息，他會(huì)講六種。

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