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誤用介詞的三種情形
作者:陳穆嘉  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2010-02-28  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin

 

誤用介詞的三種情形

 

作者:陳穆嘉(湖南)

來源:《第二課堂(高中版)》,2005年第03期(pp16-20)

 

一、畫蛇添足型——多用介詞

多用介詞可能是受漢語意思的影響將及物動詞誤用作不及物動詞,也可能是受相關結構的影響而用錯。如:

1. 她同她媽媽討論了她的計劃。

誤:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

析:discuss(討論)是及物動詞,其后可直接跟被討論的東西作賓語,無需用介詞 about, on 等。注意:名詞形式的discussion(討論)后則可接介詞 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 學生們就這個問題討論了很久。

2. 他提到那次事故了嗎?

誤:Did he mention about the accident?

正:Did he mention the accident?

析:mention(提及,談到),是及物動詞,后接賓語時無需用介詞。

3. 我看見他進了房間。

誤:I saw him enter into the room.

正:I saw him enter the room.

析:表示進入某一具體的場所、機構、建筑物等,enter是及物動詞,其后一般不接介詞 into。但是,若表示開始做某事、討論或研究或處理某事、進入某各狀態等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 25歲進入商界。

4. 她同一位醫生結了婚。

誤:She married with [to] a doctor.

正:She married a doctor.

析:表示與某人結婚,marry 是及物動詞,不要受漢語的影響,在其后誤加介詞 with to。比較:be [get] married to sb (同某人結婚)中用介詞 to(仍不能按漢語意思用 with),這里的 married 可視為形容詞。

5. 我怎樣與你聯系?

誤:How can contact with you?

正:How can contact you?

析:contact 是及物動詞,其意為……聯系,不要按漢語意思在其后誤加介詞 with。注:contact的賓語除了是人外,也可以是地點,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他辦公室聯系了。順便說一句,contact偶爾也用作不及物動詞,其后不接賓語,意為聯系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我們盡快安排了再次聯系。但是要表示……聯系,contact便是及物的,其后無需用介詞。

6. 現在計算機也開始為農業服務了。

誤:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

析:serve ……服務解時,是及物動詞,后接賓語時無需用介詞。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我們必須全心全意地為人民服務。

7. 誰管理這個工廠?

誤:Who controls over the factory?

正:Who controls the factory?

析:control 用作動詞,表示控制、管理等,均為及物動詞,其后不要受名詞用法的影響而誤加介詞 over

8. 我問了她許多問題。

誤:I asked her a good many of questions.

正:I asked her a good many questions.

析:與 a lot of, a great number of, a great deal of 等結構不同,a great many 后接名詞時,通常不用介詞 of,除非其后的名詞帶有限定詞或是代詞,如:a great many of the students(許多學生)a great many of them (他們當中的許多人)。

9. 她用手掩面。

誤:She covered over her face with her hands.

正:She covered her face with her hands.

析:cover(覆蓋,蓋住)是及物動詞,其后用介詞 over是多余的。

10. 你要想賣掉你的產品,你就得為此登廣告。

誤:If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

正:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

析:advertise for sth (sb) 意為登廣告征求或尋找某物或某人”(此時 advertise 是不及物動詞);若要表示……登廣告登廣告宣傳……”,advertise 是及物動詞, 其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語。比較:The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。

 

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