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不可用be to be blamed 嗎?
作者:李  翔  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數  更新時間:2010-01-09  文章錄入:lx612800  責任編輯:admin

 

   

10. BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/上至少有7例包含be to be blamed的例證:  

1990 Who is to be blamed?  

1990  If that peaceful solution is not available to us, Saddam Hussein is to be blamed for it.  

1991 They are to be blamed because in them the wrong opposite is ascendent;...  

1994 Am I to be blamed for something that happened when I was 4 or 5 years old?  

1997 ...I was told that the problems of Africa are to be blamed on Africans --  

2001 And America is to be blamed for this problem.  

2006 ...it was the 80 percent male legislature that is to be blamed for taking a stand for life.  

從以上例證可以看出:英國英語中(至少)早在1449年就出現了be to be blamed的真實例證;美國英語中(至少)早在1926年就出現了be to be blamed的真實例證,而且無論英國英語還是美國英語都仍然在使用be to be blamed,這難道還不能證明be to be blamed的正確性嗎?  

■結論與分析  

由此看來,文章開頭提到的兩道高考試題的答案都不是唯一的,既可以用be to blame,又可以用be to be blamed 蕭鳳歧在其編著的《現代英語慣用法實例詞典》(北京理工大學出版社198910月第1)p134上指出了二者之間的差別:  

1. be to blame通常作“該受責怪”解,嚴重時有“該叫人家戳脊梁骨”的含義,這里的to blamepseudo-active,這個pseudo-active的語義主體“受責怪”是“該”的,其主語可以是指人的詞,也可是指事物的詞。  

2. be blamed 通常作“任人責怪”,或“任人戳脊梁骨”解。這里的be blamed是實義的passive voice,這個passive通常多用以表示be blamed的語義主體“受責怪”是不該的。請看:‘... I’ll be blamed for trying something too different.’(Stephen E. Whitfield[Am.]1968)   

按照蕭鳳歧教授說法,句②中所給的答案to blame遠不如 to be blamed更恰當,正因為the 16-year-old boy“受責怪”是不該的(to be blamed),才有可能Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy;如果the 16-year-old boy“受責怪”是“該”的(to blame),那么Mr. Green就沒有理由 stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy  

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