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英語典型語法錯誤100例（7）

61. 他們都堅持說是這個男孩偷了錢。

誤：They insisted that the boy should steal the money.

正：They insisted that the boy had stolen the money.

析：insist后接 that 從句時，可用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣，其區(qū)別是：若表示“堅持要”“一定要”，從句所指的內(nèi)容是一種尚未成為事實的想法，此時從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣(即用should+動詞原形)；若表示“堅持說”“堅持認(rèn)為”，從句內(nèi)容指的是一種既成的事實或完全能成為事實的決心等，此時從句謂語要用陳述語氣，如：The doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine, but he insisted that he was not ill. 醫(yī)生堅持要他服此藥，但他堅持說他沒有病。

62. 他因犯謀殺罪而被處以絞刑。

誤：He was hung for murder.

正：He was hanged for murder.

析：hang 表示“懸掛”時為不規(guī)則動詞，其過去式和過去分詞是 hung；表示“吊死”“絞死”時為規(guī)則動詞，過去式和過去分詞是 hanged。

63. 這本書對小孩來說不屬健康讀物。

誤：The book is not healthful reading for children.

正：The book is not healthy reading for children.

析：healthy 和 healthful 都可表示“有益于健康的”，但是有時我們說的“健康”，不是針對本義而言的，而是用于其引申義，此時應(yīng)用 healthy 而不用 healthful。

64. 他們根本沒有希望成功。

誤：They have no hope to succeed.

正：They have no hope of succeeding [success].

析：hope(希望)用作名詞時，其后通常不能接不定式作定語，遇此情況可改用 of (doing) sth。又如：I have no hope of going. 我沒有希望去。

65. 不管航程多么短，這一班機上都有些吃的。

誤：However short is the journey, you always get something to eat on this airline.

正：However short the journey is, you always get something to eat on this airline.

析：however 表示“無論如何”“不管怎樣”時，大致相當(dāng)于no matter how，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，其詞序為：however + 形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語。又如：Phone me when you arrive，however late it is. 你到達之后就給我打電話，不論多么晚也要打。

66. 她對他刻薄的話感到很傷心。

誤：She was seriously hurt by his unkind words.

正：She was deeply hurt by his unkind words.(http://ask.yygrammar.com/)

析：hurt 既可以表示身體上的“受傷”“疼痛”，也可表示感情上的“傷害”。表示前者通常用 badly, bitterly, seriously, slightly 等副詞修飾；表示后者通常用very (much), deeply, rather, greatly 等副詞修飾。

67. 是誰最先想到在這里建核能電廠的? 

誤：Who first think of the idea to build a nuclear power plant here?

正：Who first think of the idea of building a nuclear power plant here?

析：表示做某事的想法，the idea 后通常不接不定式，而接of doing sth。又如：The idea of not having to get up early every morning is not quite practical. 不必每天早起的想法不很現(xiàn)實。注：the idea 后不接不定式，但是可接“疑問詞＋不定式”，如：I had no idea what to say to her. 我不知道對她說什么。類似的用法還有：habit of doing sth 做某事的習(xí)慣，method of doing sth 做某事的方法，possibility of doing sth 做某事的可能性，hope of doing sth 做某事的希望。

68. 人口在過去25年內(nèi)增加了200%。

誤：Population has increased to 200% in the past 25 years.

正：Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years.

析：表示增加了多少，動詞increase 后接介詞 by；表示增加到多少，后接介詞 to。如：It has increased by 20 percent in price. 它的價格已上漲20%。  His salary has been increased to $3000. 他的工資已增加到3000美元。

69. 他堅持要回到工作崗位，不再住醫(yī)院。

誤：He insisted going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

誤：He insisted to go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

正：He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

析：insist(堅持)后既不能接不定式也不能接動名詞，遇此情況應(yīng)用 insist on [upon] doing sth。記住：insist 通常是個不及物動詞，若語義上需接賓語，要借助介詞 on, upon；有時它也用作及物動詞，但其賓語通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是其他成分。順便說一句，要表示堅持要某人做某事，不能用于insist sb to do sth，而用insist on sb’s doing sth：He insisted on my staying there. 他堅持要我留在那兒。

70. 我早上一到六點就醒，這習(xí)慣改不掉了。

誤：I can’t get out of the habit to wake at six in the morning.

正：I can’t get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.(www.52ysedu.com)

析：表示做某事的習(xí)慣，英語習(xí)慣上用the habit of doing sth，而不用 the habit to do sth。注意，下面一句habit后用了不定式，但它不是修飾habit的定語，而是句子的主語：It is my habit to get up early every morning.每天早起是我的習(xí)慣。