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動名詞和現在分詞，因為語法書都有專門的講解，所以有關細節問題本文不再贅述。本文擬從以下幾個方面進行探討：

1. 動名詞作定語和現在分詞作定語

2. 動名詞作表語和現在分詞作表語

3. 動名詞作表語和進行時態的區別

4. 動名詞作賓語和現在分詞作狀語

5. 動名詞的復合結構作賓語和現在分詞作賓補

（一）動名詞作定語和現在分詞作定語

動名詞和現在分詞，都可以作前置修飾語（premodifier）修飾名詞。同樣是“動詞-ing形式”作定語，被修飾語和修飾語之間的關系是否一樣？ “動詞-ing形式”作定語時，被修飾語和它的關系可能是“目的或用途關系”，也可能是“主謂關系”， 這兩種不同的修飾關系，是區分動名詞還是現在分詞的試金石。如果是前者，那么就是動名詞作定語；如果是后者，那么就是現在分詞作定語。

【動名詞作定語】

動名詞作定語，說明動名詞和被修飾語是“目的或用途的關系”。所以，我們可以用for doing，used for doing，或者which is used for doing來置換這個動名詞，放在被修飾語之后作定語。例如：

a swimming pool　

①→ a pool for swimming　

②→ a pool used for swimming　

③→ a pool with the purpose of swimming

限于篇幅，以下詞組僅用第①種情況轉換：

a walking stick → a stick for walking

a sleeping car → a car for sleeping

a waiting room → a room for waiting

a swimming pool → a pool for swimming

a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes

a writing desk → a desk for writing

a reading room→ a room for reading

a bathing cap→ a cap for bathing

a changing room→ a room for changing clothes

a sitting room→ a room for sitting

a watering can→ a can for watering flowers

a guessing game→ a game for guessing words

an ironing board→ a board for ironing clothes

a collecting tin→ a tin for collecting money

a hiding place→ a place for hiding

a racing bicycle→ a bicycle for racing

an operating table→ a table for operating

building materials → materials for building

a diving board→ a board for diving

reading materials → materials for reading

a closing speech→ a speech for closing a meeting

working hours→ hours (time) for working

a smoking room→ a room for smoking

a dancing hall → a hall for dancing

a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes

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