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動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語(yǔ)觀點(diǎn)梳理

■本站特約作者 李   翔

一、動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語(yǔ)的歷史傳承

動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語(yǔ)至少可以追溯到成書(shū)于1931年George O. Curme 著的Syntax，并且被中外的語(yǔ)法學(xué)家所認(rèn)可，傳承至今。以下是動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語(yǔ)的歷史傳承：

1. George O. Curme 著Syntax(1931年版) (汪璜譯《英語(yǔ)句法》商務(wù)印書(shū)館 1989年8月第1版)(上冊(cè))P581:

“I was thinking of asking ￡30 for the month.”(for the use of the boat)—“The boat is not worth it to buy.”(=if one should buy it for that price)

《英語(yǔ)句法》(下冊(cè))P201:

I should be glad to go (= if I could go).

I should have been glad to go (=if I could have gone).

He would have been foolish to do it (=if he had done it).

2. R. W. ZANDVOORT 著 A Handbook Of English Grammar (First published 1957)P10： In so-called “free-adjuncts”, the idea of purpose may be weakened, and even shade off into that of circumstance or condition.

To hear him talk, you’d think he knew all about the subject.

3. 李紹基編著的《英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞》（譯林出版社1981年12月第1版）P68：動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示一定條件，其產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果往往帶有虛擬或主觀推斷的性質(zhì)，因此句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前常用should, would, could, must等詞。例如：

To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.(=If you should hear him talk, …)

To look at him, you could hardly help laughing.

To listen to him, you should think that no problem whatever existed.

To judge by her reaction, she must deeply felt angry at your remarks.

You would be a fool to refuse this offer.

I should be sorry to see such a day.

4. 馮明儀編《英語(yǔ)非限定動(dòng)詞》(廣東教育出版社 1986年6月第1版)P46: 5.表示條件動(dòng)詞不定式表示條件，常見(jiàn)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。例如：

I should be glad for Mary to go. (= I should be glad if Mary went.)

You should have done better to have made up with them.(= You should have done better if you had made up with them)

5. 劉樂(lè)亭編著的《英語(yǔ)五難題》(北京出版社 1989年2月第1版)P247: 3）作條件狀語(yǔ)

To hear him speak English, one would take him for an English man.

6. 盧盛莽編著的《英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞疑難詳解》(遼寧大學(xué)出版社1989年12月第1版)P113:4）作條件狀語(yǔ)。不定式常用于句首，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

To listen to him, you should think that he has gone there. (筆者注：gone應(yīng)為been)

To hear him talk, you should think he owned the whole world.

7. 李永生主編《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》(光明日?qǐng)?bào)出版社 1990年10 月第1版)P169：

To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.（條件）

8. L. G. Alexander著 的Longman English Grammar《朗曼英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》(雷航等譯，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社1991年1月第1版)P533：

To hear him talk, you’d think he was Prime Minister.(=if you could hear him talk)

9. 劉毅編著的《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法寶典》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1993年12月第1版)P231:

表?xiàng)l件

You would make a great mistake to take his bribe.

(=You would make a great mistake if you took his bribe.)

I should be happy to be of any service to you.

(=If I am of any service to you, I should be happy.)

To hear him talk, you would take for a scholar.

(=If you heard him talk, you would take for a scholar. )

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