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令人困惑的not…until… | |||
作者:劉永科 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2013/5/24 |
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令人困惑的not…until… ■山東 劉永科 有網(wǎng)友問(wèn):until 一般跟 not 連用,表示“直到……才……”。請(qǐng)問(wèn) not 和 until 必須用在一起嗎?這個(gè)有時(shí)很難掌握,怎樣理解 until 更好? until 表示時(shí)間,既是介詞,又是連詞,意思是“到……為止;在……之前”,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間。有人總是把 not 和 until 放在一起說(shuō)事,認(rèn)為它們?cè)臼且粋(gè)固定的句型,其實(shí)并非如此。很多情況下,until 前面是不用 not 的,例如: They worked until late into the night. 他們一直工作到深夜。 She lived here until 2010. 她住在這兒一直到2010年。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有延續(xù)概念時(shí),可以用否定,也可以不用否定,但意思有差別。例如: We waited for him until ten o’clock last night. 我們昨晚一直等他到10點(diǎn)。 We didn’t wait for him until ten o’clock last night. 我們昨晚沒(méi)有等到他10點(diǎn)。 只有表示瞬間概念的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, finish, stop, get off等表示“動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就結(jié)束”,跟until連用才加not。請(qǐng)記住:一般情況下,把until當(dāng)作before來(lái)理解就行,也不管動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)還是非延續(xù),也不管句中有沒(méi)有not。例如: Please stay here until they come back. 在他們回來(lái)之前,請(qǐng)你一直呆在這兒。 We waited until the ambulance arrived. 我們一直等到救護(hù)車(chē)來(lái)。 Don't get off the bus until it stops. 在車(chē)停下來(lái)之前不要下車(chē)。(意味著:一直到車(chē)停下才可下車(chē)。) It didn’t stop raining until the end of last month. 在上月底之前,雨從未停止。(意味著:直到上月底雨才停下來(lái)。) 關(guān)于not…until…的倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句: 【原句】I did not realize my mistake until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me. 直到他們跟我推心置腹的交談,我才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。 【倒裝句】Not until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me did I realize my mistake. 【強(qiáng)調(diào)句】It wasn’t until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me that I realized my mistake. 注意,until只能用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間。談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)或位置時(shí)應(yīng)用as far as 或 up to: Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village.(那么你會(huì)坐我們的車(chē)一直坐到那個(gè)村莊。) We walked up to the red flag on top of the mountain.(我們一直走到山頂上紅旗所在的地方)。
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