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◆reply v. & n.

1. 用作動詞，表示“回答”或“答復”，通常為不及物動詞。要表示“對……回答”，其后通常接介詞 to。如：

He didn’t reply to my letter. 他沒有回我的信。

He gave me no chance to reply to his question. 他沒有給我回答他問題的機會。

有時用作及物動詞，主要用于引出直接引語或后接 that 從句。如：

"That’s what I expected"，he replied. “那正是我期望的”他回答說。

He replied that he didn’t like it. 他回答說他不喜歡它。

2. 用作名詞，表示“回答”、“答復”，通常為可數名詞。如：

You must make a reply to the question. 你必須回答這個問題。

We have got several replies to the advertisement. 我們已收到了好幾份回應廣告的來信。

注：在某些固定短語，reply 為不可數名詞。如：

What did you say in reply? 你是怎樣回答的?

What did you say in reply to his suggestion? 你在答復他的建議時說了些什么?

◆report v. & n.

1. 用作動詞，表示“報告”、“報道”。比較以下正誤句型：

你必須要馬上向老師報告。

誤：You must report the teacher at once.

正：You must report to the teacher at once.

注：report sb 意為“告發某人”。

2. 有時可后接動名詞。如：

他們報告說他們看見了飛碟。

正：They reported seeing [having seen] UFOs.

正：They reported that they had seen UFOs.

3. 比較以下同義句型：

據說司機受了重傷。

正：It’s reported that the driver was seriously injured.

正：The driver was reported (to be) seriously injured.

據說他已離開日本去了巴黎。

正：Report has it that he has left Japan for Paris.

正：Report says that he has left Japan for Paris.

注：這樣用的 report 前通常不用冠詞。

◆require v.

1. 表示“要求”，比較以下結構：

He requires my appearance. /He requires me to appear. / He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出場。

注：后接 that 從句時，從句謂語通常用“should＋動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣形式(如上例)。

2. 表示“需要”，比較以下結構：

This plan requires careful thought. / This plan requires to be thought carefully. /This plan requires being thought carefully. 這個計劃需要仔細考慮。

再比較：

The children require looking after [to be looked after]. 這些孩子需要照看。

The floor requires washing [to be washed]. 地板需要拖洗了。

注：這類結構的特點是：主語與其后動詞有動賓關系，該動詞若用不定式，用被動式；若用動名詞，則用主動形式表示被動意義。

3. 表示向某人要求某物，通常用 require sth of [from] sb(用介詞 of 比用介詞 from 更常見)。如：

What do you require of me? 你要求我做什么?

I have done everything that was required of me. 一切要我做的事情我都已經做好了。

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