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初級英語語法重點、考點與難點(11)

虛擬語氣類知識點

1. 與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣

If he was here, he ______ us how to do it.

A. told                     B. would tell             C. had told               D. have told

此題應選 B。該題考察與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣：此時條件從句的謂語動詞用過去式, 主句的謂語則要用 would (should, could, might)+動詞原形：

If there were no subjective mood, English wouldbe much easier. 要是沒有虛擬語氣, 英語就會容易得多了。

If I knew his telephone number, I would ring himup. 我要是知道他的電話號碼, 我就給他打電話了。

在虛擬條件句, 動詞be的過去式通常用were(不管是單數還是復數), 但在現代英語, 單數情況也可以用was：

We could ask him if he were [was] here. 他要是在 這里, 我們就可以問問他了。

但是在某些表達(If I were you, as it were等)中, be只用were這一形式：

If I were you, I should go and see the doctor atonce. 假若我是你, 我會馬上去看醫生。

The sky is covered, as it were, with a blackcurtain. 天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。

有時在虛擬條件句也可能用 could, might 等, 那多半是因為語義的需要：

If he could help you, he would help you. 要是他能夠幫助你的話, 他會幫助你的。

2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣

—If he ______, he ______ that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warmed, would not take               B. had been warmed, would not have taken

C. would be warmed, had not taken         D. would have been warmed, had not taken

此題應選 B。該題考察與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣：此時條件從句的謂語用 had＋過去分詞，主句的謂語用 would(should, could, might)+have+過去分詞：

1. If she had worked harder, she ______.

A. would succeed      B. had succeeded       C. should succeed      D. would have succeeded

2. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.

A. had been;would have prevented              B. had been;would prevent

C. were;would                                          D. were;would have prevented

3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.

A. has come              B. did come               C. came                    D. had come

4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ______ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t get                                    B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get                     D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D

3. 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣

If we ______ 200 years old, we ______ everything.

A. were to be, could change                     B. had been, changed

C. were, would have changed                   D. should be, changed

此題應選A。該題考察與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣, 此時的主句謂語通常用would(should, could, might)＋動詞原形, 而從句謂語可能有以下幾種情況：

1. 從句謂語用過去式：

If your father knew this, he would be angry. 要是你父親知道了, 他會生氣的。

If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨, 運動會就推遲。

2. 從句謂語用should+動詞原形(通常指可能性極小的事情, 一般譯為“萬一”)：

If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 要是有雨, 這莊稼還有救。

此類句型的主句謂語有時可以用祈使句甚至將來時態：

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨, 就不要等我了。

If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. 萬一我明天有空, 我就來。

3. 從句謂語用were to+動詞原形 (通常指可能性極小可或近乎不可能, 有時指出乎意料)：

If the sun were to rise in the west, my love foryou would not change. 即使太陽從西邊出, 我對你的愛也不會變。

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