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四、目的狀語從句

1. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞

主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 講清楚些，以便他們能理解你。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)以便能考試及格。

Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。

注：so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)有時(shí)可省略so而只用that，有時(shí)也可只用so：

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我將做給你看，以便你知道應(yīng)怎樣干。

2. 目的狀語從句與狀語短語的轉(zhuǎn)換

為了簡潔起見，當(dāng)目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時(shí)，目的狀語從句有時(shí)可用表目的的不定式短語替換：

He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便趕上早班車。

He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他輕輕進(jìn)來，以免把他妻子吵醒。

有時(shí)還可與表示目的的介詞短語替換：

He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小時(shí)離開，以免錯(cuò)過火車。z

3. in case的用法說明

in case既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主要視句意而定：

In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來，告訴我一聲。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請(qǐng)告訴我。

注：in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句有時(shí)可用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的形式：

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。

五、結(jié)果狀語從句

1. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等：

He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)用功，所以考試通過了。

He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大，結(jié)果玻璃震破了。

注：so…that和such…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)可省略：

I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙，連寫信的時(shí)間都沒有。

There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out. 雨那么大，我們沒法出去。

2. so…that與such…that的用法比較

從用法上看，so后應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞，而such后接名詞(參見以上例句)。但有時(shí)“so+形容詞”后還可接一個(gè)名詞，且這個(gè)名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)：

正：He is so clever a child that we all like him. 這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。

正：They are such clever children that we all like them. 這些孩子很聰明，我們都很喜歡。

誤：They are so clever children that we all like them.

此時(shí)的so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可與such…that結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換：

It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣，我們都想看。

It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣，我們都想看。

注：在much, many, little, few 這四個(gè)詞前總是用so而不用such：

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了許多跤，結(jié)果全身都是傷。

He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他賺的錢很少幾乎不能養(yǎng)家糊口。

3. 結(jié)果狀語從句與不定式短語的轉(zhuǎn)換

由so that和so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有時(shí)可與表結(jié)果的so as to和so…as to引出的不定式短語轉(zhuǎn)換：

He arrived late so that he missed the train. / He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很遲，結(jié)果未趕上火車。

He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. / He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他寫得很仔細(xì)，所以沒有出錯(cuò)。

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