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有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾點(diǎn)重要說(shuō)明

一、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句

所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類(lèi)型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你聽(tīng)了我的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。

二、含蓄虛擬條件句

所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語(yǔ)中的一類(lèi)條件句。如：

To hear him talk，you'd think he was Prime Minister. 聽(tīng)他講話你會(huì)以為他是首相。

Without your help，I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你幫助，我不會(huì)取得這些成就。

三、連用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾個(gè)固定表達(dá)

有三個(gè)表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表達(dá)，它們總是連用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，它們是 but for, if it were not for, if it hadn’t been for。如(from www.52ysedu.com)：

But for your help we would have been late. 幸虧你幫忙，要不我們就遲到了。

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是沒(méi)有水植物就無(wú)法生長(zhǎng)。

If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你幫忙，我們是不會(huì)成功的。

四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略與倒裝

有時(shí)可將條件從句的連詞 if 省略，而將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你幫忙，我現(xiàn)在不會(huì)干得這樣好。

Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就會(huì)問(wèn)她這個(gè)問(wèn)題。