He can't sleep through all that noise. 這么吵他無法入睡。
He can't have slept through all that noise. 這么吵他不可能睡著了。
He couldn't have slept through all that noise. 這么吵他不可能睡著了。
第一句與第二、三句的區別是顯然的,至于第二句與第三句,意思是一樣的,只是第三句用couldn’t語氣較委婉,表推測的語氣稍弱。