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兩種完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法詳解

■現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

(1) 基本用法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have / has been +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。它主要表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在依然在進(jìn)行，并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：

I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up. 我等了1小時(shí)了，可他還沒(méi)來(lái)。

I’ m so sorry I’ m late. Have you been waiting long? 真對(duì)不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎?

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常常用于抱怨。如：

This room stinks. Someone’s been smoking in here. 這間屋子空氣不好，有人在這兒抽煙了。

(2) 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較：在表達(dá)一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：

你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)多久了?

正：How long have yon learnt English?

正：How long have you been learning English?

他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。

正：He has slept for ten hours.

正：He has been sleeping for ten hours.

■過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

(1) 基本用法：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“had been +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成”，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另外一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：

I woke up—l had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。

Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生氣了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都給她打電話。

(2) 與when連用：和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)亦可后接具有“突然”意義的when從句(此從句用過(guò)去一般時(shí))。如：

I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘書(shū)他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。

(3) 一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：凡不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能有這種時(shí)態(tài)，但動(dòng)詞want (有時(shí)還有wish) 除外。如：

The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time. 男孩對(duì)新小刀很高興。他早就想要一把了。