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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法詳解
作者:gramhw  文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2008-12-05  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法詳解

 

■基本用法

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have / has +過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其用法主要有以下三種:

“已完成”用法:也叫影響性用法,它表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成,并且這個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果,同時(shí)說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的或感興趣的就是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果。如

I’m sorry. I’ve forgotten your name. 對(duì)不起,我忘記你的名字了。

They have made great advances in the past few years. 在過(guò)去幾年他們?nèi)〉煤艽筮M(jìn)展。

Now that we have decorated the house, we can move in. 現(xiàn)在我們把房間裝飾好了,我們可以搬進(jìn)去了。

“未完成”用法:也叫持續(xù)性用法,它表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作并未在過(guò)去完成,而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去(也可能到此結(jié)束)。如:

He has taught in this school for 20 years. 所學(xué)校已任教20年。

She’s lived in Italy for some time, so she speaks Italian quite well. 她在意大利已經(jīng)住了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,因此她意大利語(yǔ)講得很好。

③反復(fù)性用法:即表示反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,這種用法的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與表示頻度的副詞連用。如:

I’ve watched him on TV several times. 我在電視里看見(jiàn)他好幾次了。

I’ve often wondered why I get such a poor reception on my radio. 我常感到納悶,為什么我的收音機(jī)的接收情況這么差。

■通常連用的狀語(yǔ)

通常連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞有just(剛剛), already(已經(jīng)), ever(曾經(jīng)), before(以前), recently(最近)等,尤其是 since(自從), so far(到目前為止), up to now(到目前為止), in the last (past) five years(在過(guò)去5年中), it’s the first time that…(第一次……)等結(jié)構(gòu),習(xí)慣上要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:

We’ve been friends ever since we met at school. 自從我們?cè)趯W(xué)校遇見(jiàn)以來(lái)一直是朋友。

He says that is my best work so far. 他說(shuō)這是到現(xiàn)在為止我最好的作品。

This is the first time I have heard of it. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)到有這事。

We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 過(guò)去幾年我們種了成千上萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)。

have been tohave gone to

前者表示“去過(guò)某地”,可以與次數(shù)連用;后者表示“到某地去了”(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在不在這里),通常不與次數(shù)連用。如:

I have been to Japan three times. 我去過(guò)日本三次。

The Smiths have gone to Canada for a holiday. 史密斯全家都到加拿大度假去了。

have gone to后接學(xué)校時(shí)則可意謂“上過(guò)學(xué)”。如:

I’m the only one who’s gone to a public high school. 我是唯一上過(guò)公立中學(xué)的人。

另外,兩者均可和不定式連用,但意思不同。如:

He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我生病以來(lái)他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。

They’ve gone to live overseas. 他們到海外居住了。

whensince when

when習(xí)慣上不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,但since when則通常要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:

When do you have breakfast? 你什么時(shí)候吃早飯?

When did you arrive in Europe? 你什么時(shí)候抵達(dá)歐洲的?

Since when have you lived here? 你從什么時(shí)候起住在這里的?

Since when have you became active? 你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始變得積極了?

注:兩者均可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但since when依然通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:

We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期,那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。

They left on Monday, since when we have heard nothing. 他們是星期一走的,從那以后我們就沒(méi)聽(tīng)到什么消息了。

 

 


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