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攻克省略難題的五大方法
作者:周天教  文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2008-01-11  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

四、語(yǔ)法分析法

英語(yǔ)中有些省略是由特定的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象造成的,同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)首先要確定句子的省略涉及什么語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象等,然后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)來(lái)分析作答。如:

1. “Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?” “Oh, _______ must your two pet dogs.”

  A. it              B. they             C. that               D. which

分析:許多同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)選B,因?yàn)槠浜蟮?/SPAN>your two pet dogs為復(fù)數(shù)。但實(shí)際上,此題的最佳答案就是A,不僅涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型這一考點(diǎn),而且是其省略形式,此句若補(bǔ)充完整,即為:It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.

2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.

A. forget                B. forgot        C. forgetting          D. to forget

分析:此題最佳答案為A。考查had better后接動(dòng)詞原形的用法。但是考題中將you had better這一結(jié)構(gòu)省略成better,致使許多同學(xué)一時(shí)看不出來(lái)。又如:

Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。

Better have the operation right now. 你最好還是現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)手術(shù)。

3. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer _____, thank you.”

A. not to      B. to not       C. not          D. can’t

分析:答案選AI’d prefer not to I’d prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意,在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中,用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。請(qǐng)看類例:

(1) “Shall I give the dog a chocolate?” “It’s better _____.”

A. not to      B. to not       C. don’t          D. can’t

答案選A,為It’s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略。注意,不定式的否定式要將not 置于不定式符號(hào)to 之前,而不是之后。

(2) I would mend your radio, but I don’t know _____.

A. how        B. to          C. how to        D. to how

答案選C,為 but I don’t know how to mend it 之省略。

五、邏輯推斷法

有的省略試題難度比較大,不僅涉及語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等,而且還要求考生根據(jù)題干所提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理。如:

1. She’s too thin. She _____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.

A. would, ate    B. will, eats     C. would, eats     D. will, ate

分析:此題有些難度,許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項(xiàng)將句意大致勾出來(lái):她太瘦了。她會(huì)增加體重的,但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首 She’s too thin 這一所給信息可知,她瘦應(yīng)是客觀事實(shí)。按照一般的常識(shí),吃得少就會(huì)引致吃得多就會(huì)導(dǎo)致,由于根據(jù)句首的信息,她瘦是客觀事實(shí),所以她吃得少也應(yīng)是事實(shí),所以第二空應(yīng)填 eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí))。根據(jù)上面的分析:她瘦她吃得少均為客觀事實(shí),那么她體重會(huì)增加就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but),所以第一空應(yīng)填 would。其實(shí),此句可理解為but前省略了一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ) if she ate more (如果她多吃一點(diǎn)的話)。所以,此題最佳答案選C

2. “Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” “_____.”

A. Yes, never     B. Yes, sometimes   C. No, sometimes  D. Oh, really

分析:答案選B,答句是對(duì)針對(duì) You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問(wèn)句來(lái)回答的,Yes, sometimes Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略,其意為不,上課有時(shí)睡覺(jué)。若選其余幾項(xiàng),均會(huì)導(dǎo)致邏輯不通。請(qǐng)看類例:

“You’ve never been to the village, have you?” “_____. It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen.”

A. No, never     B. No, I have    C. No, only once   D. Yes, only once

分析:答案選DYes, only once Yes, I have. But I’ve been there only once. 之省略,句意為不,我去過(guò),但只去過(guò)一次。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen 表明去過(guò)那兒,所以不能選A

(編輯  陳根花)

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