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涉及省略的幾類典型陷阱

省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息而省略句中的一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)句子成分并使上下文緊密連接的一種語(yǔ)法修辭手段。在語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用中，尤其在對(duì)話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。在英語(yǔ)考試中，也經(jīng)常會(huì)采用微型語(yǔ)境的方法，使用省略手段來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)考試陷阱，增加考試的難度。在考試陷阱中，所涉及的省略情況一般有：詞的省略、句子成分的省略、多個(gè)成分的同時(shí)省略等。

一、承前省略陷阱

所謂承前省略指的是當(dāng)前后兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同時(shí)，通常可將后一結(jié)構(gòu)與前一結(jié)構(gòu)相同的部分省略，從而使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這種省略考生是可以根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境作出正確理解的，但是，當(dāng)這種省略與其他英語(yǔ)句型相似并很容易發(fā)生混淆時(shí)，就可能讓張冠李戴，步入誤區(qū)。如果命題者剛好抓住這一點(diǎn)來(lái)巧妙設(shè)題，就很可能構(gòu)成有一定難度的陷阱題。如：

1.—What should I do with this passage?

— _________ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out          B. Found out              C. Find out       D. To find out

【分析】答案選C。很容易誤選A或D，誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問(wèn)句可知，完整的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是You should find out…，此處是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。

2. My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

【分析】此題很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但其實(shí)最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到 girl 時(shí)并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧傻李}(答案選A)：

(1) Jim is _________ brave boy and _________ boy never fearing anything.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

(2) It is really _________ useful dictionary and _________ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”

A. /                         B. When                   C. That                    D. What

【分析】此題最佳答案選C。that用以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(此that不可省略)，其后的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. 下面兩題答案選A，理由同上：

(1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed driving test.”

A. That                    B. 不填                   C. Since                    D. For

(2) “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”

A. Where                 B. When                  C. That                     D. What

4. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.

A. not, not               B. no, no                 C. not, no                  D. no, not

【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go 之省略。全句意為“如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見(jiàn), 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：

If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。

If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就會(huì)成功；你若不努力，你就不會(huì)成功。

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