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省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息而省略句中的一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)句子成分并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。在語言應(yīng)用中，尤其在對(duì)話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。在英語考試中，也經(jīng)常會(huì)采用微型語境的方法，使用省略手段來設(shè)計(jì)考試陷阱，增加考試的難度。在考試陷阱中，所涉及的省略情況一般有：詞的省略、句子成分的省略、多個(gè)成分的同時(shí)省略等。
一、承前省略陷阱
所謂承前省略指的是當(dāng)前后兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同時(shí)，通常可將后一結(jié)構(gòu)與前一結(jié)構(gòu)相同的部分省略，從而使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔。一般說來，這種省略考生是可以根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確理解的，但是，當(dāng)這種省略與其他英語句型相似并很容易發(fā)生混淆時(shí)，就可能讓張冠李戴，步入誤區(qū)。如果命題者剛好抓住這一點(diǎn)來巧妙設(shè)題，就很可能構(gòu)成有一定難度的陷阱題。如：
1.—What should I do with this passage?
— _________ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
【分析】答案選C。很容易誤選A或D，誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問句可知，完整的答語應(yīng)是You should find out…，此處是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。
2. My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
【分析】此題很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但其實(shí)最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到 girl 時(shí)并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧傻李}(答案選A)：
(1) Jim is _________ brave boy and _________ boy never fearing anything.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
(2) It is really _________ useful dictionary and _________ dictionary every one of us needs.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”
A. / B. When C. That D. What
【分析】此題最佳答案選C。that用以引導(dǎo)主語從句(此that不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. 下面兩題答案選A，理由同上：
(1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed driving test.”
A. That B. 不填 C. Since D. For
(2) “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”
A. Where B. When C. That D. What
4. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.
A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go 之省略。全句意為“如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：
If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。
If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就會(huì)成功；你若不努力，你就不會(huì)成功。
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