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only few是否符合英語(yǔ)慣用法
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only few是否符合英語(yǔ)慣用法

倪肖丁(西安)

《英語(yǔ)慣用法大詞典》(呂志士中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社1994p771)說(shuō):only fewso few相當(dāng)于few,表示否定。例如:Only few(So few) of them care to sing a song. 接著又說(shuō):only a few, but a few相當(dāng)于few,表示否定。例如:Only a few people were present at the meeting.

讀了上述文字后,我感到有點(diǎn)困惑:

1. 怎么從來(lái)沒(méi)見過(guò)only few這種用法呢?only本身具有“僅有”的微量含義,修飾few邏輯上講得通嗎?

2. 如果only fewonly a few都相當(dāng)于few,那么它們的意思就沒(méi)有區(qū)別。難道原本具有肯定意義的a few和具有否定意義的few,在前面加了only以后區(qū)別消失了嗎?

帶著以上的困惑尋求答案的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn),我的困惑并非無(wú)中生有,《英語(yǔ)慣用法大詞典》的上述講解和例句的確有問(wèn)題。

1. 英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上說(shuō)only a few而不說(shuō)only few。例如,CGEL在談到few, little, barely, hardly, rarely, seldom等近似否定詞(approximate negators)時(shí)指出:近似否定詞內(nèi)部的情況也不盡相同。作為句否定標(biāo)記詞,rarelyseldom的作用比其它近似否定詞要弱,因此這兩個(gè)詞可以被only強(qiáng)調(diào),而其它不行(These two can be the focus for only, while the others cannot)。例如:

She visits her parents only rarely.

但不說(shuō)*She had read only few of the letters.

也不說(shuō)*She had done only hardly anything about it.

劍橋版英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教程English Grammar In Use2012)在Unit 87講到關(guān)于數(shù)量限定詞littlefew的用法時(shí)指出:……

完整內(nèi)容請(qǐng)查看:https://www.cpsenglish.com/article/102

 

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