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中考英語考查數(shù)詞的七個高頻考點
作者:zhuang  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2019-08-23  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



中考英語考查數(shù)詞的七個高頻考點

 

考點1  考查基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的用法區(qū)別

基數(shù)詞表示人或事物數(shù)量的多少,如 one, two, three, four, five, six等;而序數(shù)詞則表示人或事物的順序,如first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth等。在通常情況下,基數(shù)詞除one外,其余的后接名詞時,名詞原則上要用復(fù)數(shù);而序數(shù)詞在后接名詞時,原則上用單數(shù)。如:

He has four children, but he likes his fourth child most. 他有四個孩子,但他最喜歡他的第四個孩子。

【考例1Father’s Day is on ________ Sunday of June. (湖南長沙中考題)

A. three                 B. third                   C. the third            D. a third

【分析】答案選C。由于空格后的名詞為單數(shù),所以不能選基數(shù)詞three,故可排除A;其余三個選項均為序數(shù)詞,但只有帶定冠詞的C才是正確的,因為此處的句意為特指。句意為:父親節(jié)是六月的第三個星期日。

【考例2—Where does John live?

—He lives on ________ floor but he doesn’t use a lift to go up and down. (北京朝陽區(qū)中考題)

A. nine                  B. the ninth           C. ninth                 D. a ninth

【分析】答案選B。由于空格后的名詞floor為單數(shù),所以空格處不能填基數(shù)詞,故可排除A;而序數(shù)詞前通常用定冠詞,而不用不定冠詞,故選B

考點2  考查數(shù)詞在編號中的用法

在類似編號的場合,用序數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在被修飾詞語之前,若用基數(shù)詞則置于其后。如:

the First Lesson / Lesson One 1                          the tenth chapter / chapter ten 10

the sixth line / line 6 6             the third part / part three 第三部分

但是,在許多情況下,用基數(shù)詞比用序數(shù)詞更合適、更方便。如:

Book One 1                               Room 805 805

page 110 110                            Bus Number Ten 10路公共汽車

【考例】There is a wrong word in line ________.

Where?

In the ________ line. (湖北孝感中考題)

A. two; two           B. two; second     C. second; two     D. second; second

【分析】答案選Bin line twoin the second line同義,均表示第二行。又如:lesson fivethe fifth lesson同義,均表示第五課

考點3  考查用英語表示分?jǐn)?shù)的用法

用英語表示分?jǐn)?shù)的方法是:先說分子,后說分母;分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;當(dāng)分子超過時,分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如三分之二可表示為 two thirds (可理解為兩個三分之一”)。但是有些分?jǐn)?shù)的表示比較其特別,如二分之一通常說成a (one) half四分之一通常說成 a quarter

【考例】________ of the students in our class ________ money to the disabled people these days. (貴州安順中考題)

A. Two third, have raised                  B. Two thirds, has raised

C. Two three, have raised                 D. Two thirds, have raised

【分析】答案選D三分之二的分子是,用基數(shù)詞two表示;分母是,用序數(shù)詞third表示,由于分子大于一,故表示分母的third要用復(fù)數(shù),即可排除AC;又因為一個班三分之二的學(xué)生肯定不只一個,故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù),即選D不選B

考點4  考查hundred, thousand, million單復(fù)數(shù)用法

當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million與數(shù)詞連用表示具體數(shù)量時,它們既不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后接名詞時也不用介詞of。如:

Can you lend me a hundred dollars? 你可否借給我一百美金?

This theatre holds a thousand persons. 這家劇院能容納一千人。

The sun is 92 million miles away. 太陽離這里有九千二百萬英里。

但是,若泛指數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬等,則用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Hundreds of people attended the meeting. 有幾百人參加了會議。

They received millions of letters asking for information. 他們收到了無數(shù)的咨詢信件。

Men have been making music for thousands of years. 人類創(chuàng)作音樂已有數(shù)千年歷史。

【考例1More than two ________ years ago, people knew little about the universe. (遼寧錦州中考題)

A. thousands       B. thousand          C. thousand of     D. thousands of

【分析】答案選B。與具體數(shù)字連用時,thousand不用加詞尾-s,其后也不用介詞of

【考例2Enshi is becoming a tourist city. ________ people come here during the holidays every year. (湖北恩施中考題)

A. Thousand of   B. Thousands of  C. Five thousands of     D. Five thousands

【分析】答案選B。與具體數(shù)字連用時,thousand不用加詞尾-s,其后也不用介詞of,故可排除CD。但表示不確定的數(shù)千”“數(shù)以千計時,則不僅要加詞尾-s,而且要后接介詞of,故只能選B,不能選A

考點5  考查帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中名詞的數(shù)

根據(jù)英語習(xí)慣,在數(shù)詞+名詞”“數(shù)詞+名詞+名詞”“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞這類復(fù)合形容詞中,其中的名詞只用單數(shù)形式,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

a two-mile walk兩英里的步行          

a six-inch ruler六英寸長的尺子

a two-hour exam. 一次兩小時的考試

a five-day week 一周五個工作日

a five-year-old boy 一個五歲的男孩

an eighteen-month-old baby 一個18個月大的嬰兒

a five-hundred-meter rope 一根500米長的繩子

【考例1Each of us has to write a ________ report every two weeks. (廣州中考題)

A. two-hundred-word                        B. two-hundreds-word

C. two-hundreds-words                    D. two-hundred-words

【分析】答案選A。帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中,數(shù)詞后的名詞要用單數(shù)。又如:She has a ten-year-old son. 她有個10歲的兒子。He wrote a five-hundred-word letter to me. 他給寫了一封500字的信給我。

【考例2A new study proves a ________ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat. (哈爾濱中考題)

A. 30-minute        B. 30 minute’s      C. 30-minutes      D. 30 minute

【分析】答案選A。按英語習(xí)慣,在帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中,數(shù)詞后的名詞要用單數(shù),所以不能選C;另外,這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的連字符原則上不能省略。

考點6  考查簡單運算后對相應(yīng)數(shù)詞進(jìn)行選擇

嚴(yán)格說來,這類題只是借助數(shù)詞作為一種命題手段,與數(shù)詞的用法關(guān)系不大。

【考例1—There are sixty students in our class. And ________ of us are boys.

—Wow! You have forty girls! (福建漳州中考題)

A. one fourth       B. one third           C. two fifths          D. two thirds

【分析】答案選B。做這道題要先運算一下:上文說這個班上共有60名學(xué)生,下文說女生有40個,這說明男生的數(shù)量為604020個。那么20個是60個的幾分之幾呢?顯然是三分之一,故答案選B

【考例2This shirt is ________. Cindy paid ________. Her change is ________. (湖南張家界中考題)

A. $9.00; $10.00; $1.00                     B. $1.00; $9.00; $10.00

C. $10.00; $9.00; $1.00                     D. $10.00; $1.00; $9.00

【分析】答案選A。根據(jù)常識可知,買襯衫的錢找回的零錢應(yīng)該等于“Cindy付給售貨員的錢。也就是說,在三個空格中,第一個空格所填的數(shù)字加上第三個空格所填的數(shù)字應(yīng)該等于第二個空格所填的數(shù)字。比較四個選項,顯然只能A符合要求。

考點7  綜合考查數(shù)詞的不同知識點

即將數(shù)詞的各個知識點綜合起來進(jìn)行考查。如

【考例】About ________ of the workers in the factory were born in the ________. (甘肅蘭州中考題)

A. two-thirds, 1970                                                             B. two-thirds, 1970s

C. two-third, 1970                                                               D. two-third, 1970s

【分析】答案選B三分之二也就是兩個三分之一,所以third要用復(fù)數(shù),可排除CD;表示在某一年,其前不用冠詞,表示在某個年代,其前要用定冠詞,同時表示年代的數(shù)詞要加詞尾-s-’s。比較:in 1990=1990年,in the 1990s=20世紀(jì)90年代。

 

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