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關(guān)閉窗口 英語(yǔ)特殊疑問(wèn)句用法要點(diǎn)
1. 基本用法與結(jié)構(gòu)
特殊疑問(wèn)句是由疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)的句子。疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞(如what, who, which, whose等)和疑問(wèn)副詞(如when, where, why, how等)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”：
What are you doing? 你在做什么？
Which child knows the answer? 哪個(gè)孩子知道答案？
Whose bicycle is this? 這是誰(shuí)的自行車(chē)？
When can you come? 你什么時(shí)候能來(lái)？
Where are you from? 你從什么地方來(lái)？
Why are your clothes so dirty? 你的衣服為什么這么臟?
How shall I answer her? 我怎樣回答她?
【注】若疑問(wèn)詞用作句子主語(yǔ)，則為陳述句詞序：
Who gave you that book? 誰(shuí)給你的那本書(shū)？
What made her cry so badly? 是什么使她哭得這樣傷心？
2. 如何就劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)
就劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)的基本方法是：先根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)部分詞語(yǔ)的意思和句法功能確定用什么疑問(wèn)詞，然后將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句跟在疑問(wèn)詞的后面即可(注意去掉劃線(xiàn)部分)。請(qǐng)看實(shí)例：
He goes to school by bike.
→How does he go to school? 他怎么去上學(xué)？
Jim went home yesterday.
→When did Jim go home? 吉姆什么時(shí)候回家的？
He was born in
→Where was he born? 他出生在什么地方？
He can’t come because he is ill.
→Why can’t he come? 他為什么不能來(lái)？
This is Mary’s wallet.
→Whose wallet is this? 這是誰(shuí)的錢(qián)包？
He bought a dictionary yesterday.
→What did he buy yesterday? 他昨天買(mǎi)了什么？
若劃線(xiàn)部分是句子主語(yǔ)，則只要用疑問(wèn)詞代替劃線(xiàn)部分即可：
Jack stole our money.
→Who stole our money? 誰(shuí)偷了我們的錢(qián)？
若劃線(xiàn)部分包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則應(yīng)用do的適當(dāng)形式代替劃線(xiàn)部分：
He bought a dictionary yesterday.
→What did he do yesterday? 他昨天做了什么？
She was writing letters last night.
→What was she doing last night? 她昨晚在做什么？
He has sold his house.
→What has he done? 他做了什么？
3. 常用疑問(wèn)詞的用法與區(qū)別
(1) 疑問(wèn)代詞與疑問(wèn)副詞的區(qū)別。疑問(wèn)代詞主要用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)副詞主要用作狀語(yǔ)。
(2) who 與 whom的區(qū)別。參見(jiàn)本書(shū)“代詞”一章。
(3) what, which, who的區(qū)別。參見(jiàn)本書(shū)“代詞”一章。
(4) how long, how often, how soon的區(qū)別。三者均可譯為“多久”，但有區(qū)別：
① how long 指多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，主要用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間(如three days等)提問(wèn)：
—How long did he stay here? 他在這兒呆了多久?
—About two hours. 大約兩小時(shí)。
② how often 指每隔多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)頻度副詞或狀語(yǔ)(如once a week等)提問(wèn)：
—How often does he come here? 他(每隔)多久來(lái)一次?
—Once a month. 每月一次。
③ how soon 指再過(guò)多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間(如：in an hour等)提問(wèn)：
—How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回來(lái)?
—In an hour. 1小時(shí)以后。
(5) how many 與how much的區(qū)別。兩者均表示“多少”，但how many 指數(shù)，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，how much 指量，其后接不可數(shù)名詞：
How many children does he have? 他有幾個(gè)孩子?
How much time did you spend on it? 做此事你花了多少時(shí)間?
有時(shí)其后不接詞，how many 依然指數(shù)(可數(shù))，how much 依然指量(不可數(shù))：
We have plenty of novels. How many do you want? 我們有很多小說(shuō)。你要多少(本)?
You need some money? How much do you want? 你需要錢(qián)? 要多少?
另外，how much還可用來(lái)表示計(jì)算或詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)、重量、程度等：(yygrammar.com)
How much is four times five? 4 乘以 5 等于多少?
How much is the coat? 這件上衣多少錢(qián)?
How much do you like her？你有多喜歡她？
How much does it weigh? 這東西有多重？
4. 兩點(diǎn)重要說(shuō)明
(1) 特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用yes和no來(lái)回答。
(2) 有時(shí)兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)句可以疊用：(ask.yygrammar.com)
When and where was he born? 他出生于何時(shí)何地？
When and how did you find it? 你是在什么時(shí)候怎么找到它的？
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