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淺談as和than引導(dǎo)的分句定位及主語(yǔ)省略問(wèn)題(下)
作者:倪肖丁  文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2018-02-01  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

3. 補(bǔ)全如下:

1…than [the things which are] necessary or possible.

或(2…thanarenecessary or possible. MEGCI

3…thanwhat isnecessary or possible.

或(4…thanisnecessary or possible.

其中(1)式為深層結(jié)構(gòu),其余均為可以呈現(xiàn)的正常結(jié)構(gòu); 2)由(1)轉(zhuǎn)換而成,也是MEGCI的原句;3)是The Cambridge Dictionary of English GrammarPractical English Usage所采用的(填補(bǔ)gap的)手段,主要用于非正式文體;(4)由(3)轉(zhuǎn)換而成。但因主句中more things的吸引,多采用就近一致原則,因此 2)比(3)更常見(jiàn)。

例二Teachers, parents, and students all need access to better information about colleges and careers than ( ) commonly available.

本例的思路和方法與例一相同。但主句中的比較對(duì)象information是不可數(shù)名詞,被省略的主語(yǔ)也相應(yīng)地調(diào)整為單數(shù)概念。

補(bǔ)全如下:

1…than [the information which is]commonly available.(深層結(jié)構(gòu))

2…thanwhat iscommonly available.

3…thaniscommonly available.LDOCE

即使比較對(duì)象并非主句中的某個(gè)名詞,而是一種性質(zhì)特征的描繪,也同樣可以補(bǔ)全空缺。例如:

The audience was more enthusiastic than()expected.

= The audience was more enthusiastic thanwasexpected.

= The audience was more enthusiastic thanwhat wasexpected. (CDEG)

=The audience was more enthusiastic thanit wasexpected (that they would be enthusiastic).

有時(shí)候,同一個(gè)省略句可以從不同的角度進(jìn)行補(bǔ)全改寫,基本意思不變。例如:

The girls swam faster than ( ) expected.

(1) = The girls swam faster than (it was) expected that they would (do/swim).

(2) = The girls swam faster than (was) expected. CGEL

(3) = The girls swam faster than (they were) expected (to do/swim)

(4) = The girls swam faster than (were) expected.

當(dāng)然,補(bǔ)全改寫(尤其是完整的補(bǔ)全)的只是邏輯上的深層結(jié)構(gòu),不宜直接轉(zhuǎn)換成語(yǔ)句的表層結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出來(lái),累贅冗長(zhǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法。

不可否認(rèn)的是,有的省略成分的確難以補(bǔ)全。多半是因?yàn)槲覀冏约翰荒軇偃蔚木壒剩部赡苁钦Z(yǔ)言的長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化使得最初形式的語(yǔ)句變得面目全非而難以溯源,更重要的是實(shí)踐中已經(jīng)失去了溯源的必要性。支配語(yǔ)言使用的主要是習(xí)慣,不能把語(yǔ)言當(dāng)作邏輯嚴(yán)密的數(shù)學(xué)來(lái)學(xué)。

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