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定語從句之專題一:從定語從句原理可以推導(dǎo)出定語從句的絕大部分規(guī)則
作者:高  偉  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2017-07-20  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin

題組20…of which/whom引導(dǎo)定語從句) 

1. The man pulled out a gold watch, ____ were covered with some small diamonds.2008,陜西)

A. the hands of whom   B. whom the hands of   C. which the hands of   D. the hands of which  

句意:那人拽出來一塊金表,表的指針是用小鉆石做成的。分析:the hands of which=whose hands。選D

2. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently.2011,湖南)

A. who   B. whom   C. which   D. that   分析:all of which。選C

3. I was given three books on cooking, the first ____I really enjoyed.(2006.浙江)

A.of that    B.of which    C.that    D.which   分析:the first of which。選B

  4. I have many friends, ____some are businessmen.(全國卷)

A. of them   B. from which   C. who of   D. of whom  

分析:作主語時,some of whom= of whom some。選D

5. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.(2012,四川)

A. in whom   B. in them   C. of whom   D. of them  

分析:作主語時,half of whom=of whom half。選C

 

. 當(dāng)先行詞是時間/地點/原因/方式時,如何確定引導(dǎo)詞?

當(dāng)先行詞是時間/地點/原因/方式時,它的引導(dǎo)詞有三種情況:代詞which/that,在定語從句中作主語/賓語/表語。副詞when/where/why,在定語從句中作狀語。介詞+which,在定語從句中作狀語。具體采用哪種引導(dǎo)詞,得看引導(dǎo)詞在從句所作成分。

根據(jù)第四節(jié)第一小節(jié)的定語從句的先行詞與引導(dǎo)詞總表,截取出下表:

先行詞

引導(dǎo)詞

代詞

副詞()

時間

which/that

when

介詞+which

地點

which/that

where

介詞+which

原因

which/that

why

for+which

方式

which/that

×

in+which

下邊詳細講解此表。

1.先行詞是時間/地點/原因等時,如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作名詞性成分(主語/賓語/表語)時,則用which(代詞);如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作副詞性成分(狀語)時,則用when/where/why(副詞)。

如何判斷引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語還是狀語呢?當(dāng)從句中的及物動詞或介詞后邊沒有賓語,則,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用代詞。當(dāng)從句中不缺主要成分(主語/賓語/表語),則,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用副詞。(因為副詞作狀語是次要成分)

例句(先行詞是時間)

I remember the day when we spent the holiday in the woods.(引導(dǎo)詞作狀語,用副詞)

I remember the day (which) we spent in the woods.(引導(dǎo)詞作賓語,用代詞)

例句(先行詞是地點)

This is the house where he lived.live是不及物動詞,不需要賓語)

This is the house which he visited.visit是及物動詞,需要賓語)

例句(先行詞是原因(the reason)

I know the reason why he did it.(引導(dǎo)詞作狀語,用副詞)

I know the reason which he explained at the meeting.(引導(dǎo)詞作賓語,用代詞)

例句(先行詞是方式(the way)

The way which he explained was quite simple.(代詞)

他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。(方法本身很簡單)

The way (how×)/in which he explained the sentence was quite simple.(副詞性引導(dǎo)詞)

他向我們解釋句子的那種方法很簡單。(解釋過程很簡單)

(這組與前三組的唯一不同之處是:沒有相應(yīng)副詞how。前三組也可以用介詞+which”。)

 

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