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3. could have done除了含有上述的意思外，還表示批評或責備

即表示過去本來有責任或義務應該做某事的，但實際上卻沒有做成，含有批評和責備的意味，通常譯為“本來應該”，“本來可以”等，用法同上。例如：

You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本來可以幫我一把嘛——為什么你只是坐在那兒觀望呢?

I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me. You should have told me. 你沒告訴我，我感到很失望，你本來應該告訴我的。

4. could have done 用于虛擬語氣

在虛擬條件句中，當談論過去的情況時，其句型通常是：主句用“could/would/might +have+過去分詞”，if從句用過去完成時。例如：

You could have been killed if I hadn’t warned you. 我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。

If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事實，他是可能告訴我們怎樣做的。

If you had come sooner, you could have helped us. 你如早來一點，就會幫上我們了。

I could have told them what happened if anybody had asked me. 如果有誰問過我，我可以告訴他們發生了什么情況。

四、should have done的用法

1. should have done表示“過去本應做某事，但實際沒有做”，其否定式shouldn’t have done表示“過去不該做某事，但實際卻做了”。

這種句式含有不滿或責備之意，通常可譯為“本來應該”；其否定式意為“本來不該”。ought to可以跟should換用，但語氣比should強烈。例如：

    You should have finished your homework.(But you didn’t.)你本應該完成你的作業了。（但是你卻沒有。）

You should have reported the matter to the police. 你本應該把這件事報告警察。

I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 對不起，我想我應該先敲一下門的。

如果是否定式，則表示本來不該發生的情況卻發生了。例如：

You shouldn't have told her the news.(But you did.)你本不應該把這個消息告訴他。（但你卻已告訴。）

You shouldn’t have opened her letter. 你是不應該拆她的信的。

She shouldn’t have stood in a queue. She should have got tickets from the machine. 她本來就不該去排隊，她應該在售票機那兒買票。

該用法中的should也可換成ought to，意思不變。例如：

You should (ought to) have told us earlier. 你應該早點告訴我們的。

You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have parked there. 你本不該把車停在這里。

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