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高考英語省略陷阱六類型
作者:劉松等  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2017-03-25  文章錄入:admin  責(zé)任編輯:admin



高考英語省略陷阱六類型

 

作者:劉    田靜姣(湖南)

來源:《第二課堂(高中版)》,2006年第02期(第35-39)

 

省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息而省略句中的一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)句子成分并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。在語言應(yīng)用中,尤其在對(duì)話中,是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。在英語考試中,也經(jīng)常會(huì)采用微型語境的方法,使用省略手段來設(shè)計(jì)考試陷阱,增加考試的難度。在考試陷阱中,所涉及的省略情況一般有:詞的省略、句子成分的省略、多個(gè)成分的同時(shí)省略等。

一、承前省略陷阱

所謂承前省略指的是當(dāng)前后兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同時(shí),通常可將后一結(jié)構(gòu)與前一結(jié)構(gòu)相同的部分省略,從而使句子更簡潔。一般說來,這種省略考生是可以根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確理解的,但是,當(dāng)這種省略與其他英語句型相似并很容易發(fā)生混淆時(shí),就可能讓張冠李戴,步入誤區(qū)。如果命題者剛好抓住這一點(diǎn)來巧妙設(shè)題,就很可能構(gòu)成有一定難度的陷阱題。如:

1.—What should I do with this passage?

— _____ the main idea of each paragraph. (重慶卷)

A. Finding out     B. Found out        C. Find out            D. To find out

【分析】答案選C。很容易誤選AD,誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問句可知,完整的答語應(yīng)是You should find out…,此處是承前省略了You should,所以就是Find out

2. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a, a                   B. a, the                 C. the, a                 D. the, the

【分析】此題很容易誤選B,認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞,第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但其實(shí)最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到 girl 時(shí)并不是特指的,此句實(shí)為一省略句,補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧傻李}(答案選A)

(1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.

A. a, a                   B. a, the                 C. the, a                 D. the, the

(2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a, a                   B. a, the                 C. the, a                 D. the, the

3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “______ she was a woman.”

A. /                         B. When                C. That                   D. What

【分析】此題最佳答案選Cthat用以引導(dǎo)主語從句(that不可省略),其后的謂語和賓語等被省略,若補(bǔ)充完整,即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. 下面兩題答案選A,理由同上:

(1) “What made her so happy?” “_____ her son passed driving test.”

A. That        B. 不填        C. Since          D. For

(2) “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_____ I was last night.”

A. Where      B. When         C. That           D. What

4. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _____, _____.

A. not, not    B. no, no     C. not, no       D. no, not

【分析】此題應(yīng)選AIf not, not. If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go 之省略。全句意為如果天氣好,我們就去;如果天氣不好,我們就不去。該句的特點(diǎn)是:后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定,后句為否定,為了簡潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略,只保留否定詞 not。又如

If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜,我就買;如果不便宜,我就不買。

If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力,你就會(huì)成功;你若不努力,你就不會(huì)成功。

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