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中考英語語法完全突破——代詞
作者:柯帕斯  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2017-03-01  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin

 

考點5  考查不定式指兩者還是指三者的用法

英語中有些不定代詞只用于指兩者,如both, eitherneither;而有些不定代詞則只用于指三者或多者,如all, any, noneevery。這是中考英語經常涉及的一個考點。做題時,除要考慮兩者或三者的區別外,還要注意分析句子語境,即要選出使句子意思最通順、最符合邏輯的答案。

【考例1Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice?

________. Please give me a cup of tea. (廣州中考題)

A. Neither             B. Both                  C. All                      D. None

【分析】答案選A。因供選擇的東西只有coffeeorange juice兩樣,故不能選指三者的all(表肯定)和none(表否定),即排除CD;再根據空格后的Please give me a cup of tea(請給我來杯茶)可知,說話者既不喝咖啡,也不喝橙汁,而是喝茶,這說明第一空只能填A(表否定),不能填B(表肯定)。

注意,each既可用于兩者,也可用于三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,所以當用于兩者時,只能用each,不能用every

【考例2Mum and Dad are ________ movie lovers. They have many hobbies in common. (山西中考題)

A. both                  B. either                 C. neither              D. all

【分析】答案選A。由于父母只有兩個,故不能選all;再根據后半句的They have many hobbies in common可知,父母兩人有許多共同愛好,故空格處應填both

【考例3—What do you usually do in your spare time, playing the violin or the piano?

—I do ________ of them. I practice singing with some volunteers. (湖北宜昌中考題)

A. either                B. both                   C. all                      D. neither

【分析】答案選D。問話者問對方是在業余時間是拉小提琴還是彈鋼琴,但對方回答他(她)練習唱歌,說明他(她)既不拉小提琴也不彈鋼琴,所以答案選neither

考點6  考查復合不定代詞的用法

復合不定代詞指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等構成的一類代詞,它們包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它們在句中通常只用作主語、賓語或表語,不能直接用于名詞前作定語。這類代詞在用法上應注意以下幾點:

1. 若受到形容詞的修飾,注意將修飾它們形容詞放在復合不定代詞的后面,而不是放在它們的前面。如:

There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 機器沒有毛病。

句中的wrong是修飾nothing的定語,但只能說成nothing wrong,不能說成wrong nothing

2. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短語。若是指物或后接 of 短語,可用 any one, every one (即分開寫)。如:

any one of the boys (books) 孩子們()當中的任何一個()

every one of the students (schools) 每一個學生(一所學校)

3. 要注意根據具體語境區分不同復合不定代詞的意思,如要分清是指人還是指物,是肯定語境還是否定語境,要做題時不僅要注意選出正確答案,而且要選出最佳答案。

【考例1When I returned to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost ________ had changed. (山東德州中考題)

A. nothing            B. anything           C. something        D. everything

【分析】答案選D。根據前文的I was nearly lost(我差不多迷路了)可知,家鄉變化很大,故空格處填everything比較合適。

【考例2—How can I make friends in a new school?

—Say hello to ________ to you today, and you can have a friend tomorrow. (哈爾濱中考題)

A. new someone                                B. someone new

C. new anyone                                   D. no one new(www.52ysedu.com)

【分析】答案選B。由于修飾復合不定代詞的形容詞總是要置于所修飾的代詞之后,所以可排除BC。根據句意,可知AD更符合語境。

【考例3—What did you buy for your daughter at the supermarket?

—I bought ________, because I couldn’t find ________ she likes. (湖北恩施)

A. something; anything                    B. anything; something

C. nothing; anything                         D. something; nothing

【分析】答案選C。根據句中的couldn’t find…she likes可知,說話者沒有找到女兒喜歡的……”,據此語境可確定:第一空填nothing,第二空填anything

 

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