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分詞獨立主格結構用法說明

(1) 分詞的獨立主格結構的概念

分詞的獨立主格結構指的就是一個用作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞后接一個分詞，它在句中主要用作狀語。如：

The question being settled, we went home. 問題解決之后，我們就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公車已經走了，我們必須走路回家。

(2) 分詞的獨立主格結構的用法

分詞的獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當于一個狀語從句或并列句。如：

The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。

Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。

A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一個獵人走了進來，他的臉凍得通紅。

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。

(3) 關于being / having been的省略問題

在許多情況下，獨立主格中的現在分詞being和having been可以省略，而不會改變句意的變化。如：

This (being) done, I set about cleaning the windows. 做完此事，我就開始擦洗窗戶。

(Being) seized with a sudden fear, she gave a scream. 她突然感到害怕，叫了一聲。

(Being) asked to sing a song for them, she couldn’t very well refuse. 當要求她為他們唱個歌時，她就不好拒絕了。

但是，在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being（或having been）不能省略：

① 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。

② 在There being＋名詞的結構中。如：

There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed. 由于沒有別的事了，我宣布閉會。