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分詞邏輯主語的不一致性與獨立主格結構

在通常情況下，分詞作狀語時它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，若不一致，則應改用其他句型，如：

誤：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.

正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 過馬路時他被車撞倒了。

正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。

解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題，也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞，使之成為分詞的邏輯主語。由于加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式，故稱分詞的獨立主格結構。如：

The test finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了，我們開始放假。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天氣很好，我們就去游泳了。

He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。