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不定式的句法功能歸納
作者:hgram  文章來源:www.52ysedu.com  點擊數  更新時間:2008-07-18  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin

 

三、不定式做賓語補足語

不定式做賓語的補足語須從三個方面來掌握。

(1) 動詞接動詞不定式做賓語的補足語時,不定式的to不能省略。這樣的動詞有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, order, permit, persuade, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, call on, wait for, long for。如:

The teacher advised us to learn through experiment. 老師勸我們通過實驗來學習。

They didnt allow us to enter the hall. 他們不允許我們進入大廳。

(2) 動詞接動詞不定式做賓語的補足語時,不定式的to須省略。這樣的動詞有:have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe ,但它們變為被動語態時,不定式的to不能省略。如

The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss. 過去老板使工人們每天工作十多個小時。

I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. Li Lei was seen to fall down from his bike. 我看見李蕾從單車上摔了下來。

(3) 動詞help接動詞不定式做賓語的補足語時,不定式的to可省略也可不省略。如:

He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work. 他經常來幫我們干農活。

四、不定式做表語

(1) 不定式短語可用來做系動詞的表語。如:

My hope is to become a scientist like Einstein. 我的希望就是做一個像愛因斯坦那樣的科學家。

My job is to teach English. 我的工作就是教英語。

(2) 不定式做表語時須注意兩點(from www.52ysedu.com):

A. 一般說來,不定式前面的to不能省略,但當主語部分含有動詞do時,to須省略。如:

What I want is to visit the History Museum now. 我所想的就是現在去參觀歷史博物館。

What he wants to do is go swimming in that river. 他想做的事就是去河里游泳。

B. 不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語時,表示主語的責任、義務或將來的行為;當不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時,不定式是表語,表示主語的內容或性質。如:

We are to keep the order in the street. 我們將去街上維持秩序。(將來時)

Our job is to keep the order in the street. 我們的工作是維持街上的秩序。(系表結構)

五、不定式做定語

(1) 不定式做定語時,一般放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后,表示即將發生的動作。如:

We have much work to do. 我們有很多事情要做。

I have a letter to answer. 我有一封信要回復。

(2) 不定式做定語時,中心詞與不定式的關系:

A. 主謂關系,即:中心詞是不定式的邏輯主語。如:

Li Lei was the first student to come into the classroom this morning. 今天早晨李蕾是第一個進教室的學生。

Liu Ying was the very girl to meet you. 劉英正是來接你的那個女孩子。

B. 動賓關系,即:中心詞是不定式的邏輯賓語。如:

Do you have anything to do now? 你現在有事情要做嗎?

I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗(from www.52ysedu.com)。

當不定式與所修飾的中心詞有動賓關系時,不定式中的動詞須為及物動詞,若是不及物動詞,不定式后須加上適當的介詞。如:

Go ahead, please. I have a friend to wait for here. 請先走吧,我還有個朋友要在這兒等。

C. 說明關系,即:不定式是中心詞的內容。如:

I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 我做了一個像鳥兒在天上飛的夢

I have a wish to go to college. 我有一個上大學的愿望。

 

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