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過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法

1. 表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，這是過(guò)去完成時(shí)最本質(zhì)的用法，它既可表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前所發(fā)生的情況，也可表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前一直在持續(xù)的情況。如：

He had left when I arrived. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí)他已經(jīng)離開。

By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)他就已工作了12小時(shí)。

2. 表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，通常連用的動(dòng)詞是 hope, think, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等。如：

I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on. 我本想禮拜—走的，但又留下了。

I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 我本來(lái)希望寄給他一張圣誕卡的，但我忘了寄了。

He had intended to make a cake. but he ran out of time. 他原來(lái)打算做塊蛋糕，但是沒(méi)時(shí)間了。

I had thought the room to be empty but found it occupied. 我本以為這個(gè)房間是空著的，原來(lái)里面有人。

3. 在hardly [scarcely, barely]…when [before]…和no sooner…than…等句式中，主句通常要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而從句則通常要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

I had scarcely closed my eyes when the phone rang. 我剛合上眼電話鈴就響了。

Mr Jenkins had hardly begun his speech, when he was interrupted. 詹金斯先生剛開始講話就被人打斷了。

She had no sooner opened the door than a cat jumped out from behind the door. 她剛剛門打開，一只貓就從門后跳了出來(lái)。