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八、“過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)”這個(gè)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)廢止

目前，幾乎所有的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書、英語(yǔ)教科書以及各級(jí)各類英語(yǔ)教輔、教學(xué)或命題測(cè)試等，都在敘說(shuō)這個(gè)不合理、不正確的說(shuō)法：過(guò)去分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞）作表語(yǔ)。

例如，這樣的例子比比皆是：

The speech is very interesting. （現(xiàn)在分詞interesting作表語(yǔ)）

We were all amazed at the news. （過(guò)去分詞amazed作表語(yǔ)）

之所以廢止這個(gè)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，理由如下：

1. 這類分詞由“使令性動(dòng)詞”（使人的心理情緒等發(fā)生變化）演變而來(lái)，如satisfy, surprise, interest, excite, please，等等，英語(yǔ)中約有幾十個(gè)左右這類的動(dòng)詞。其現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人怎樣”，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到怎樣”。

這類動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中占比例很小，“作表語(yǔ)”這種說(shuō)法僅限于這些動(dòng)詞的分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。大量的行為動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有此種用法，因此，這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)無(wú)法概括英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的基本現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律。

2. 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的術(shù)語(yǔ)已經(jīng)非常繁雜，遵循刪繁就簡(jiǎn)的原則，無(wú)論從教學(xué)還是研究角度，“現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)”，應(yīng)該廢除。

3. 這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)可能讓英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者產(chǎn)生誤解：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)跟進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)造成混淆；過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)跟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)造成混淆，不利于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。

4. 歸根結(jié)底，這是一個(gè)完美的“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)是由形容詞充當(dāng)?shù)�。這時(shí)的分詞實(shí)際上就是形容詞！

九、同源現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞之比較

以下為常見(jiàn)的由“使令性動(dòng)詞”變化而來(lái)的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法�，F(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身的性質(zhì)以及給人的感受，意為“令人怎樣”；過(guò)去分詞表示人的心理和情緒變化，是被動(dòng)的感覺(jué)，意為“感到怎樣”。

1. Richard felt ________ with their ________ service at the hotel. (satisfy)

2. The movie was ________. Rose was greatly ________. (move)

3. Sophia wasn’t ________ though her answer was ________. (discourage)

4. Jenny is ________ at the ________ news. (surprise)

5. The cartoon was ________ and Victor was very ________ in it. (interest)

6. William became ________ at his ________ job. (bore)

7. The tiger looked ________, but Lily wasn’t ________. (frighten)

8. His speech was very ________. Mary became ________. (inspire)

9. Charles wasn’t ________ though the story you had told was ________. (amuse)

10. The scene was quite ________. Catherine got ________. (amaze)

11. The result of the examination was ________, so Judy became ________. (disappoint)

12. The great man’s death was ________. Henry became ________ at it. (astonish)

13. Karen felt ________ at the ________ party last night. (excite)

14. The noise is very ________. Peter has become ________. (annoy)

15. Nancy was ________ by his ________ question. (puzzle)

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